Immune System TEAS A&P Flashcards
What is the immune system made up of?
Innate defense systems and adaptive defense systems.
Innate Defense System
Innate Defense System: The bodies first line of defense against infections
- Includes phsyical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes as well as chemical barriers such as enzymes and stomach acid
Adaptive Defense System
The Adaptive Defense System is the bodies second line of defense against infections .
- Includes the lymphatic system, white blood cells, and antibodies
What does the immune system do?
Ultimately, the immune system help protect the body from foreign invaders: such as bacteria, viruses and fungi.
How does the immune system protect the body from foreign invaders?
By recognizing these invaders and producing antibodies to destroy them.
What do memory T-cells do?
Memory T-cells help the body to remember these invaders so that they can be destroyed more quickly in the future.
What is one of the first responses of the Innate defense system?
One of the first responses of the inflammatory response: This is when blood vessels dilate and white blood cells and fluids are sent to the area of infection.
In the Innate defense system, What do histamines do?
Histamines are released causing an increase in blood flow to the area and the number of white blood cells called phagocytes. These phagocytes destroy the unknown bacteria.
This response helps to remove the foreign invader and begin the healing process.
What are Antigens?
Antigens are foreign invaders that the body had been exposed to, such as bacteria, or viruses, that induce an immune response.
What are Antigen-presenting cells?
Antigen-presenting cells are white blood cells that engulf the foreign invader and present the antigen on its surface.
Helper T-cells
Helper T-cells are a type of white blood cell that helps to active the other cells of the immune system. The helper T cells induce B cells to secrete a large number of antibodies to bind to the antigen.
Cytotoxic T cells
Cytotoxic T cells are a type of white blood cell that destroys infected cells.
What are Cytokines?
Cytokines are chemicals that help to regulate the immune response and activate cytotoxic T cells.
What are Antibodies?
Antibodies are proteins that attach to antigens and help to destroy them.
Memory Cells
Memory cells are white blood cells that remember a specific foreign invader and help the body to respond more quickly if the invader enters the body again.
