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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TEAS > Cardiovascular system Flashcards > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

1) Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?
A) cardiac output
B) peripheral resistance
C) emotional state
D) blood volume

A

: C) emotional state

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2
Q

Which statement best describes arteries?
A) All carry oxygenated blood to the heart.
B) All carry blood away from the heart.
C) All contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
D) Only large arteries are lined with endothelium.

A

B) All carry blood away from the heart.

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3
Q

Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium?
A) tunica intima
B) tunica media
C) tunica externa
D) basement membrane

A

: A

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4
Q

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________.
A) arterioles
B) arteries
C) veins
D) capillaries

A

: D

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5
Q

The pulse pressure is ________.
A) systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure
B) systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
C) systolic pressure divided by diastolic pressure
D) diastolic pressure plus 1/3 (systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure)

A

: B

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6
Q

Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?
A) Blood will be diverted to the digestive organs.
B) The skin will be cold and clammy.
C) Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood.
D) Blood flow to the kidneys increases.

A

: C

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7
Q

Blood flow to the skin ________.
A) is controlled mainly by decreasing pH
B) increases when environmental temperature rises
C) increases when body temperature drops so that the skin does not freeze
D) is not an important source of nutrients and oxygen for skin cells

A

: B

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8
Q

Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?
A) tunica intima
B) tunica media
C) tunica externa
D) basement membrane

A

: B) tunica media

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9
Q

Which of the choices below does not involve tissue perfusion?
A) delivery of oxygen and nutrients to, and removal of wastes from, tissue cells
B) gas exchange in the lungs
C) absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract
D) blood clotting

A

: D) blood clotting

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10
Q

Histologically, the ________ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer.
A) tunica intima
B) tunica media
C) tunica externa
D) tunica adventitia

A

A) tunica intima

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11
Q

Tunica intima

A

is the innermost tunica (layer) of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells and is supported by an internal elastic lamina.

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12
Q

The tunica media

A

is the middle portion of the vessel wall and contains smooth muscle cells and connective tissue, whereas the tunica adventitia is composed of connective tissue that is often continuous with the surrounding soft tissues.

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13
Q

The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called ________.

A

C) arterioles

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14
Q

Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?
A) 120/80 in a 30-year-old man
B) 140/90 in a 70-year-old woman
C) 170/96 in a 50-year-old man
D) 110/60 in a 20-year-old woman

A

C) 170/96 in a 50-year-old man

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15
Q

What is hypertension?

A

high blood pressure

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16
Q

36) Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure.
A) An increase in cardiac output corresponds to a decrease in blood pressure, due to the increased delivery.
B) Systemic vasodilation would increase blood pressure, due to diversion of blood to essential areas.
C) Excess protein production would decrease blood pressure.
D) Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase

A

D) Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase

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17
Q

Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodilation?
A) kidney
B) lungs
C) liver
D) heart

A

B) lungs

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18
Q

46) Normal average blood pressure for a newborn baby is ________.
A) 120/80
B) 90/55
C) 150/90
D) 130/80

A

B) 90/55

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19
Q

If blood pressure is almost normal in a person who has lost blood, does that mean the tissues are receiving adequate blood flow?
A) yes
B) no
C) not necessarily

A

C) not necessarily

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20
Q

_______________ is a type of fluid connective tissue that circulates throughout the body, carrying substances to and away from bodily tissues.

A

ANSWER: Blood

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21
Q

Blood consists of three types of formed elements, an extracellular matrix called ________, _________________, __________________, & _____________________.

A

ANSWER: Blood consists of three types of formed elements, an extracellular matrix called plasma, molecules, cell fragments, and debris.

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22
Q

Participate in gas exchange, primarily with oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

ANSWER: Red Blood Cells

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23
Q

Protect the body from foreign substances by eliciting an immune response

A

ANSWER: White Blood Cells

24
Q

Aid in blood clotting and wound healing

A

ANSWER: Platelets

25
Q

What is a buffy coat?

A

ANSWER: When a blood sample is spun in a centrifuge, less-dense plasma floats on top of a reddish mass that consists of red blood cells. There is also a thin white layer called the buffy coat that consists of white blood cells and platelets. This layer is found between the reddish mass and plasma layers.

26
Q

If the viscosity of blood is ___________, blood flow decreases. When blood viscosity is __________, blood flow increases.

A

ANSWER: Blood viscosity is indirectly proportional to blood flow throughout the body. If the viscosity of blood is high, blood flow decreases. When blood viscosity is low, or blood is thin, blood flow increases.

27
Q

What are the 3 functions of blood?

A

ANSWER: Transportation, regulation, and protection are three primary functions of blood

28
Q

What does blood transport?

A

ANSWER: Blood transports the following substances throughout the body:Gasses: Blood delivers oxygen from the lungs to all cells in the body. It also transports carbon dioxide to the lungs for elimination from the body.
Nutrients: Blood transports nutrients from the digestive tract and storage sites in the body to various places in the body.
Wastes: Blood transports waste products to the liver, where they are excreted as bile. Waste products also travel by blood to the kidneys when they need to be excreted as urine.
Hormones: Blood transports hormones from the glands where they are produced to their target organs.

29
Q

What is Albumin?

A

ANSWER: Albumin is the main protein in the blood, accounting for roughly 60% of the plasma proteins in the blood.

30
Q

When blood vessels expand, or ___________________, blood flows slowly, causing heat loss. This occurs when the temperature of the external environment is high. If external environmental temperatures are low, blood vessels contract, or _________________________, causing less heat to be released.

A

ANSWER: When blood vessels expand, or vasodilate, blood flows slowly, causing heat loss. This occurs when the temperature of the external environment is high. If external environmental temperatures are low, blood vessels contract, or vasoconstrict, causing less heat to be released

31
Q

Hemostasis:

A

ANSWER: Hemostasis helps maintain blood in its fluid state and stops blood from leaking out of a damaged blood vessel through clot formation.

32
Q

What is the first step of hemostasis?

A

What is the first step of hemostasis?
The first step is a vascular spasm, or vasoconstriction, where the blood vessels constrict to reduce blood loss. Reducing blood loss for several hours, this process works best with small blood vessels.

33
Q

What is the first step of hemostasis?

A

What is the first step of hemostasis?
The first step is a vascular spasm, or vasoconstriction, where the blood vessels constrict to reduce blood loss. Reducing blood loss for several hours, this process works best with small blood vessels.

34
Q

What is platelet plug formation?

A

ANSWER: This is the second step of hemostasis. Platelets adhere to the epithelial wall of the blood vessel and aggregate by sticking together. This creates a temporary seal over the damaged site.

35
Q

This process is a series of events that strengthen the platelet plug by using fibrin threads to form a mesh around the plug

A

ANSWER: Blood clotting

36
Q

What are the major blood groups?

A

ANSWER: There are several different types or groups of blood, and the major groups are A, B, AB, and O. Blood group is a way to classify blood according to inherited differences of red blood cell antigens found on the surface of a red blood cell.

37
Q

Displays type B antigens on the red blood cell’s surface and contains A antibodies in the plasma.

A

ANSWER: Blood group B

38
Q

Displays type A and B antigens on the red blood cell’s surface, but neither A nor B antibodies are in the plasma.

A

ANSWER: Blood group AB

39
Q

What is the Rh factor?

A

ANSWER: The Rh factor protein may exist on a red blood cell’s surface. Because this protein can be either present (+) or absent (-), it increases the number of major blood groups from four to eight: A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, O-, AB+, and AB-.

40
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A

There are three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, toward organs and tissues. Veins carry blood toward the heart, away from organs and tissues. Arteries branch into smaller blood vessels called arterioles, which further divide into capillaries.

41
Q

Describe the human heart, its 4 chambers and the 3 layers of the heart wall:

A

ANSWER: The human heart is a muscular organ composed primarily of cardiac muscle. It consists of four chambers: two upper chambers called the atria and two lower chambers called the ventricles. The atria are separated from the ventricles by a muscular structure called the septum. Three layers make up the heart wall. These are the pericardium or outer layer, the myocardium, or middle layer, and the endocardium, or innermost layer

42
Q

Most cardiac muscle tissue is found in the ________________________.

A

ANSWER: Most cardiac muscle tissue is found in the myocardium

43
Q

The 4 valves that regulate blood flow in and out of the heart:

A

ANSWER: The four valves are the aortic valve, mitral valve, pulmonary valve, and tricuspid valve.

44
Q

Aortic valve:

A

ANSWER: Aortic valve regulates blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. The aorta is the largest artery in the body.

45
Q

Mitral valve:

A

ANSWER: Mitral valve regulates blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle.

46
Q

Pulmonary valve:

A

ANSWER: Pulmonary valve regulates blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.

47
Q

Tricuspid valve:

A

ANSWER: Tricuspid valve regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle.

48
Q

Two major veins, the ___________________________ and the _________________________, brings deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower half of the body.

A

ANSWER: Two major veins, the Superior Vena Cava and the Inferior Vena Cava, brings deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower half of the body.

49
Q

Cardiac cycle:

A

ANSWER: The complete cycle beginning with atrial contraction and ending with ventricular contraction is called the cardiac cycle. When the heart contracts and pumps blood into the systemic circulation, this is called systole.

50
Q

Diastole:

A

ANSWER: Diastole refers to the period of relaxation when the heart chambers fill with blood.

51
Q

Electrocardiogram:

A

ANSWER: EKG. An EKG is a graph that shows the heart’s rate and rhythm over a period of time

52
Q
  1. What is the P wave?
A

ANSWER: The first wave on an EKG is the P wave. This indicates atrial contraction or systole.

53
Q
  1. What is the T wave?
A

ANSWER: The T wave indicates ventricular diastole.

54
Q
  1. What is the QRS complex?
A

ANSWER:​​ The QRS complex represents the combination of Q, R, and S waves. This indicates ventricular systole or contraction.

55
Q

The cardiovascular system circulates blood throughout the body in a ________ __________ structure.

A

ANSWER: The cardiovascular system circulates blood throughout the body in a closed-loop structure.

56
Q

​​Superior Vena Cava:

A

ANSWER: The superior vena cava carries blood from the head, neck, arms, and chest

57
Q

Inferior Vena Cava:

A

brings deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower half of the body.

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TEAS (17 decks)

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