Digestive system Anatomy & physiology

Question 1

What is the digestive system composed of?

Answer 1

The GI tract starting from the mouth and ending with the anus (rectum).

Question 2

What are the parts of the GI tract:

Answer 2

• Mouth
• Pharynx
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large intestine
• Rectum

Question 3

Where does the digestion of food begin?

Answer 3

The mouth; by chewing and mechanically digesting it.

Question 4

What does mucus and saliva aid the digestion of food?

Answer 4

mucus and saliva lubricates the food and enzymes with amylase and lipase

Question 5

Mechanical digestion:

Answer 5

physical breakdown of food: ex chewing

Question 6

mucus and saliva lubricates the food and enzymes with amylase and lipase which initiates the chemical digestion of:

Answer 6

Starches and Lipids

Question 7

What is the second step of digestion?

Answer 7

Once the food has been mechanically digested, it then travels down the pharynx and into the esophagus.

Question 8

What is peristalsis?

Answer 8

Peristalsis is the contraction of muscles that occur within the esophagus to help food move down into the stomach.

Question 9

Third step of digestion:

Answer 9

Now that peristalsis has occurred, food can travel into the stomach

Question 10

What is the shaped of the stomach?

Answer 10

J- shaped sack.

Question 11

What does the stomach initiate:

Answer 11

Additional chemical digestion with enzymes

Question 12

What does gastric acid do?

Answer 12

Kills bacteria, denatures proteins, and activates digestive enzymes.

Question 13

Fourth step of digestion:

Answer 13

Small intestine

Question 14

Where is the main site of digestion and absorption in the digestive system?

Answer 14

The small intestine: Composed of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Question 15

What is the shape of the small intestine, how does it promote absorption?

Answer 15

The small intestine is coiled, and has a series of foldings that increase the surface area for absorption.

Question 16

What is the fifth step of The digestive system?

Answer 16

Large intestine

Question 17

What is the Large intestine composed of?

Answer 17

cecum, colon, rectum.

Question 18

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 18

The large intestine absorbs water, electrolytes, and vitamins produced by the enteric bacteria.

Question 19

What is the final step of the GI tract?

Answer 19

Rectum: stores feces

Question 20

How are feces eliminated?

Answer 20

Through defecation

Question 21

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

Answer 21

Teeth, tongue, salivary gland, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Question 22

What are enzymes and hormones of the digestive system?

Answer 22

Gastrin, CCK, Secretin, Insulin, Glucagon, and Bile.

Question 23

Gastrin:

Answer 23

Hormone Produced in the stomach and stimulates stomach acid.

Question 24

Cholecystokinin (CCK):

Answer 24

Hormone Produced in the small intestine and stimulates the release of enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver.

Question 25

Secretin:

Answer 25

Hormone Produced in the small intestine and stimulates the production of bicarbonate by the pancreas.

Question 26

Insulin:

Answer 26

Hormone Produced in the pancreas and regulates blood sugar levels

Question 27

Bile:

Answer 27

Produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder- helps break down fat in the small intestine.

Question 28

Glucagon

Answer 28

Hormone Produced the in the pancreas and helps to release glucose from the liver.