Immune System Diseases/Disorders

Question 1

HIV affects what kind of immune system cells

Answer 1

helper T (CD 4+) cells

Question 2

AIDS dx made when

Answer 2

CD4+ cell counts drops below 200 cell/mm3

Question 3

signs of HIV/AIDS

Answer 3

opportunistic infections (like herpes, retinal infections, and kaposi sarcoma), wasting away, vision loss

Question 4

transmission of malaria

Answer 4

bite of Anopheles mosquito

Question 5

malaria mechanism of action

Answer 5

enters bloodstream and convalesces in liver cells and feast on RBCs

Question 6

Ig (antibody)-mediated hypersensitivity reactions (HSR)

Answer 6

Type I, II , III

Question 7

cell-mediated (T-cells) hypersensitivity reaction (HSR)

Answer 7

Type IV

Question 8

antibody contributing to Type I HSR

Answer 8

IgE (allergic rxn or anaphylactic rxn)

Question 9

immediate Type I HSR response

Answer 9

IgE released, mast cells de-granulate and release histamine

Question 10

delayed Type I HSR response

Answer 10

leukocyte infiltration, edema, prostaglandin

Question 11

Type I HSR results in

Answer 11

decreased BP, itching, rash, redness, bronchospasms, upper airway swelling (wheezing)

Question 12

Type I HSR symptoms

Answer 12

angioedema, rhinitis, urticaria (hives), puritis (itching)

Question 13

Type II HSR effect

Answer 13

specific cell or tissue

Question 14

Type II HSR syndromes

Answer 14

Goodpasture’s Syndrome, hemolytic (tissue) transfusion reaction, myasthenia gravis

Question 15

cause of Goodpasture’s syndrome

Answer 15

antibodies attack collagen in basement membrane of kidneys and lungs

Question 16

risk factors for Goodpasture Syndrome

Answer 16

genetics, exposure to herbicides, metallic dust, cocaine & tobacco, viral infections, 20-30yo or 60-70yo

Question 17

symptoms of Goodpasture’s Syndrome

Answer 17

fatigue, dyspnea, hemturia, hemoptysis (blood in sputum), dysuria, poteinuria, edema

Question 18

cause of hemolytic transfusion reaction

Answer 18

mismatched blood products trigger immune response and undergo complement-mediated lysis

Question 19

immediate symptoms of hemolytic transfusion

Answer 19

chills, fever, aches, jaundice, shock

Question 20

less immediate symptom of hemolytic transfusion reaction

Answer 20

hemoglobinuria

Question 21

cause of myasthenia gravis

Answer 21

antibodies blocking Ach receptors leading to muscular dysfunction

Question 22

symptoms of myasthenia gravis

Answer 22

ptosis (droopy eyelid), diplopia (double vision), dysphagia, dyspnea, limb weakness

Question 23

risk for myasthenia gravis

Answer 23

spontaneous, unknown genetic predisposition, environmental trigger, 20-30yo F, 50-60yo M

Question 24

type III (autoimmune disorders) HSR syndroms

Answer 24

systemic lupus, raynaud’s disease,

Question 25

cause of lupus

Answer 25

immune complexes of auto-antibodies and self-antigens deposit in tissue causing inflammatory response

Question 26

risk of lupus

Answer 26

women of childbearing age

Question 27

symptoms of lupus

Answer 27

BUTTERFLY RASH, atherosclerosis, severe abd pain, anemia, high BP, arthritis aches, pleuritis, PE, hematuria, hair loss, fever

Question 28

cause of raynaud’s disease

Answer 28

antibody complexes form and cause peripheral arteries to narrow in response to cold/stress which allows them to get trapped in vessel

Question 29

symptoms of raynaurd’s disease

Answer 29

pallor or peripheral cyanosis

Question 30

Type IV HSR syndrome

Answer 30

allergic contact dermatitis (poison ivy)

Question 31

Primary deficiencies

Answer 31

SCID, DiGeorge, Bruton’s agammaglobulemia, IgA deficiency

Question 32

which primary deficiency is most common

Answer 32

IgA deficiency

Question 33

define SCID

Answer 33

total lack of T cell function with partial or total lack of B cell function, most severe

Question 34

define DiGeorge

Answer 34

T-cell deficiency

Question 35

define Brunton’s agammaglobulemia

Answer 35

antibody deficiency