Immune System Diseases/Disorders Flashcards
HIV affects what kind of immune system cells
helper T (CD 4+) cells
AIDS dx made when
CD4+ cell counts drops below 200 cell/mm3
signs of HIV/AIDS
opportunistic infections (like herpes, retinal infections, and kaposi sarcoma), wasting away, vision loss
transmission of malaria
bite of Anopheles mosquito
malaria mechanism of action
enters bloodstream and convalesces in liver cells and feast on RBCs
Ig (antibody)-mediated hypersensitivity reactions (HSR)
Type I, II , III
cell-mediated (T-cells) hypersensitivity reaction (HSR)
Type IV
antibody contributing to Type I HSR
IgE (allergic rxn or anaphylactic rxn)
immediate Type I HSR response
IgE released, mast cells de-granulate and release histamine
delayed Type I HSR response
leukocyte infiltration, edema, prostaglandin
Type I HSR results in
decreased BP, itching, rash, redness, bronchospasms, upper airway swelling (wheezing)
Type I HSR symptoms
angioedema, rhinitis, urticaria (hives), puritis (itching)
Type II HSR effect
specific cell or tissue
Type II HSR syndromes
Goodpasture’s Syndrome, hemolytic (tissue) transfusion reaction, myasthenia gravis
cause of Goodpasture’s syndrome
antibodies attack collagen in basement membrane of kidneys and lungs
risk factors for Goodpasture Syndrome
genetics, exposure to herbicides, metallic dust, cocaine & tobacco, viral infections, 20-30yo or 60-70yo
symptoms of Goodpasture’s Syndrome
fatigue, dyspnea, hemturia, hemoptysis (blood in sputum), dysuria, poteinuria, edema
cause of hemolytic transfusion reaction
mismatched blood products trigger immune response and undergo complement-mediated lysis
immediate symptoms of hemolytic transfusion
chills, fever, aches, jaundice, shock
less immediate symptom of hemolytic transfusion reaction
hemoglobinuria
cause of myasthenia gravis
antibodies blocking Ach receptors leading to muscular dysfunction
symptoms of myasthenia gravis
ptosis (droopy eyelid), diplopia (double vision), dysphagia, dyspnea, limb weakness
risk for myasthenia gravis
spontaneous, unknown genetic predisposition, environmental trigger, 20-30yo F, 50-60yo M
type III (autoimmune disorders) HSR syndroms
systemic lupus, raynaud’s disease,
cause of lupus
immune complexes of auto-antibodies and self-antigens deposit in tissue causing inflammatory response
risk of lupus
women of childbearing age
symptoms of lupus
BUTTERFLY RASH, atherosclerosis, severe abd pain, anemia, high BP, arthritis aches, pleuritis, PE, hematuria, hair loss, fever
cause of raynaud’s disease
antibody complexes form and cause peripheral arteries to narrow in response to cold/stress which allows them to get trapped in vessel
symptoms of raynaurd’s disease
pallor or peripheral cyanosis
Type IV HSR syndrome
allergic contact dermatitis (poison ivy)
Primary deficiencies
SCID, DiGeorge, Bruton’s agammaglobulemia, IgA deficiency
which primary deficiency is most common
IgA deficiency
define SCID
total lack of T cell function with partial or total lack of B cell function, most severe
define DiGeorge
T-cell deficiency
define Brunton’s agammaglobulemia
antibody deficiency
