Fluids and Electrolytes Flashcards
(25 cards)
Where can we find 2/3 of total body water (TBW)?
intracellular fluid (ICF)
Where can we find 1/3 of TBW
extracellular fluid (ECF)
where are the 2 main places fluid can be found in body
intracellular and extracellular space
what to are 2 categories that fall under extracellular fluid
interstitial fluid (ISF, 3/4 of ECF), intravascular fluid (IVF, 1/4 of ECF)
which ion is mostly responsible for upkeeping osmotic balance
sodium (Na+)
what does -natremia mean
refers to sodium in blood
what does -kalemia mean
refers to potassium in blood
symptoms of hypernatremia
thirst, confusion, neuromuscular excitability, seizures, coma
symptoms of hyponatremia
headache, confusion, stupor, seizures, coma
symptoms of hyperkalemia
progressive muscle weakness, cardiac issues
symptoms of hypokalemia
spastic paralysis, fatigue, cramps, cardiac issues
what does -calcemia mean
refers to calcium in blood
symptoms of hypercalcemia
congnition changes, confusion, coma, muscle weakness, arrythmias
symptoms of hypocalcemia
irritability, anxiety, paresthesia, bronchospasms, heart failure, muscle cramps
what is hydrostatic pressure
pressure exerted by fluid against barrier or wall
what is relationship between hydrostatic and oncotic pressure
hydrostatic pushes fluid out and oncotic pulls in for reabsorption
what happens to net filtrate
more water is filtered out of vessels than reabsorbed so net filtrate is picked up by lymphatic systems
some causes of edema
blood clot, renal failure, inflammation, lymph blockage, liver failure, heart failure
what is RAAS
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System regulates blood pressure and fluid balance
2 important functions of angiotensin II
vasoconstriction and tells kidney to make aldosterone
where does ADH come from
secreted by posterior pituitary of brain
how does ADH maintain fluid balance
produces more concentrated urine to reduce loss of fluid from urination, tells kidney to hold onto water
what does aldosterone do
tells kidney to retain sodium and water
what is diabetes insipidus
inadequate ADH which causes excessive urine dilution and too much loss of free water (hypernatremia)
