Fluids and Electrolytes

Question 1

Where can we find 2/3 of total body water (TBW)?

Answer 1

intracellular fluid (ICF)

Question 2

Where can we find 1/3 of TBW

Answer 2

extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 3

where are the 2 main places fluid can be found in body

Answer 3

intracellular and extracellular space

Question 4

what to are 2 categories that fall under extracellular fluid

Answer 4

interstitial fluid (ISF, 3/4 of ECF), intravascular fluid (IVF, 1/4 of ECF)

Question 5

which ion is mostly responsible for upkeeping osmotic balance

Answer 5

sodium (Na+)

Question 6

what does -natremia mean

Answer 6

refers to sodium in blood

Question 7

what does -kalemia mean

Answer 7

refers to potassium in blood

Question 7

symptoms of hypernatremia

Answer 7

thirst, confusion, neuromuscular excitability, seizures, coma

Question 8

symptoms of hyponatremia

Answer 8

headache, confusion, stupor, seizures, coma

Question 9

symptoms of hyperkalemia

Answer 9

progressive muscle weakness, cardiac issues

Question 10

symptoms of hypokalemia

Answer 10

spastic paralysis, fatigue, cramps, cardiac issues

Question 11

what does -calcemia mean

Answer 11

refers to calcium in blood

Question 12

symptoms of hypercalcemia

Answer 12

congnition changes, confusion, coma, muscle weakness, arrythmias

Question 13

symptoms of hypocalcemia

Answer 13

irritability, anxiety, paresthesia, bronchospasms, heart failure, muscle cramps

Question 14

what is hydrostatic pressure

Answer 14

pressure exerted by fluid against barrier or wall

Question 15

what is relationship between hydrostatic and oncotic pressure

Answer 15

hydrostatic pushes fluid out and oncotic pulls in for reabsorption

Question 16

what happens to net filtrate

Answer 16

more water is filtered out of vessels than reabsorbed so net filtrate is picked up by lymphatic systems

Question 17

some causes of edema

Answer 17

blood clot, renal failure, inflammation, lymph blockage, liver failure, heart failure

Question 18

what is RAAS

Answer 18

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System regulates blood pressure and fluid balance

Question 19

2 important functions of angiotensin II

Answer 19

vasoconstriction and tells kidney to make aldosterone

Question 20

where does ADH come from

Answer 20

secreted by posterior pituitary of brain

Question 21

how does ADH maintain fluid balance

Answer 21

produces more concentrated urine to reduce loss of fluid from urination, tells kidney to hold onto water

Question 22

what does aldosterone do

Answer 22

tells kidney to retain sodium and water

Question 23

what is diabetes insipidus

Answer 23

inadequate ADH which causes excessive urine dilution and too much loss of free water (hypernatremia)