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Physiology MRCP > Immune system > Flashcards

Immune system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the innate immune system?

A

Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
Mast cells
Monocytes
Macrophages
Natural killer cells
Dendritic cells

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2
Q

What is the most common type of white blood cell?

A

Neutrophils

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3
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A

Primary phagocytic cell in acute inflammation
Granules contain myeloperioxidase and lysozyme

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4
Q

How can neutrophils be identified?

A

Multi-lobed nucleus

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5
Q

What is the function of basophils?

A

Release histamine in allergic response
Granules contain heparin and histamine
Express IgE receptors

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6
Q

How can basophils be identified?

A

Bi-lobed nucleus

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7
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

Defend against protozoan and helminthic infections

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8
Q

How can eosinophils be identified?

A

Bi-lobed nucleus

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9
Q

What is the function of mast cells?

A

Release histamine in allergic response
Granules contain heparin and histamine
Express IgE receptors

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10
Q

What is the function of monocytes?

A

Differentiate to macrophages

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11
Q

What is the function of macrophages?

A

Phagocytosis of cellular debris and pathogens
Act as antigen presenting cell
Source of IL1

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12
Q

What is the function of natural killer cells?

A

Induce apoptosis in virally infected and tumour cells

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13
Q

What is the function of dendritic cells?

A

Antigen presenting cells

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14
Q

What are the parts of he adaptive immune system?

A

Helper T cells
Cytotoxic T cells
B cells
Plasma cells

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15
Q

What is the function of helper T cells?

A

Recognise antigens on MHC II
Cell mediated immune response
Source of IL2

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16
Q

What receptors are expressed on helper T cells?

A

CD4, CD3, CD28 and TCR

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17
Q

What do helper T cells mediate?

A

Acute and chronic organ rejection

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18
Q

What are the types of T helper cells?

A

Th1
Th2

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19
Q

What do Th1 cells secrete?

A

IL2, IL3 and IFN-gamma

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20
Q

What so Th2 cells secrete?

A

IL4, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL13

21
Q

What is the function of cytotoxic T cells?

A

Induce apoptosis of virally infected and tumour cells
Cell mediated immune response
Recognise antigens of MHC I

22
Q

What receptors do cytotoxic T cells express?

A

CD8, CD3, TCR

23
Q

What do cytotoxic T cells mediate?

A

Acute and chronic organ rejection

24
Q

What is the function of B cells?

A

Antigen presenting cells
Humoral (antibody) immune response

25
Q

What do B cells mediate?

A

Hyperacute organ rejection

26
Q

What cell surface markers are on B cells?

A

CD 19, CD20, CD40, MHC II, B7

27
Q

What is the function of plasma cells?

A

Produce large amounts of antibodies to specific antigen

28
Q

What are plasma cells differentiated from?

A

B cells

29
Q

What cell surface markers are on macrophages?

A

CD14, CD40, MHC II, B7

30
Q

What cell surface markers are on natural killer cells?

A

CD16, CD56

31
Q

What is the function of CD1?

A

MHC molecule that presents lipid molecules

32
Q

What is the function of CD2?

A

Acts as ligand for CF58 and 59
Signal transduction and cell adhesion

33
Q

What cells is CD2 found on?

A

Thymocytes
T cells
Some NK cells

34
Q

What is he function of CD3?

A

Signalling component of T cell receptor complex

35
Q

What is the function of CD4?

A

Coreceptor for MHC class II

36
Q

Where is CD4 found?

A

T helper cells

37
Q

What is the clinical significant of CD4?

A

Used by HIV to enter T cells

38
Q

What is the clinical significance of CD5?

A

Sound in majority of mantle cell lymphoma

39
Q

What is the function of CD8?

A

Coreceptor for MHC class I

40
Q

Where is CD8 found?

A

Cytotoxic T cells
Subset of myeloid dendritic cells

41
Q

What is the function of CD14?

A

Cell surface marker for macrophages

42
Q

Where is CD15 found?

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (with CD30)

43
Q

What is the function of CF16?

A

Bind to Fc portion of IgG antibodies

44
Q

What is the clinical significance of CD21?

A

Receptor for EBV

45
Q

What is the function of CD28?

A

Costimulatory signal

46
Q

What is CD45?

A

Protein tyrosine phosphatase resent on all leucocytes

47
Q

What is CD56?

A

Unique marker for NK cells

48
Q

What is the function of CD95?

A

Involved in apoptosis

Physiology MRCP (19 decks)

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