Cell cycle

Question 1

What is the cell cycle regulated by?

Answer 1

Cycliins, which control cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) enzymes

Question 2

What are the stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 2

G0
G1
S (synthesis)
G2
M (mitosis)

Question 3

What is G0?

Answer 3

Resting phase

Question 4

What happens in G1?

Answer 4

Cells increase in size
Determines length of cycle

Question 5

What is G1 regulated by?

Answer 5

p53
CycleD/CDK 4
Cyclin D/CDK6
Cyclin E/CDK 2 - regulated transition to S phase

Question 6

What happens in S phase?

Answer 6

Synthesis of DNA, RNA and histone

Question 7

What in S phase regulated by?

Answer 7

Cyclin A/CDK2

Question 8

What happens in G2 phase?

Answer 8

Cells continue to increase in size

Question 9

What is G2 regulated by?

Answer 9

Cyclin B/CDK 1 - regulated transition to M phase

Question 10

What happens in M phase?

Answer 10

Mitosis
Shortest phase

Question 11

What are the types of cell division?

Answer 11

Mitosis
Meiosis

Question 12

When does mitosis occur and what does it result in?

Answer 12

Somatic cells
Results in 2 haploid daughter cells genetically identical to parent cell

Question 13

Where does meiosis happen and what does it result in?

Answer 13

Gametes
Results in 4 haploid daughter cells containing one homologue of each chromosome

Question 14

What are the phases of mitosis?

Answer 14

Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

Question 15

What happens in pro metaphase?

Answer 15

Nuclear membrane breaks down allowing microtubules to attach to chromosomes

Question 16

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 16

Chromosomes aligned at middle of cell

Question 17

What happens in anaphase?

Answer 17

Paired chromosomes separate at kinetochores and move to opposite ends of cell

Question 18

What happens in telophase?

Answer 18

Chromatids arrive at opposite poles of cell

Question 19

What happens in cytokinesis?

Answer 19

Actin-myosin complex in centre of cell contacts resulting it being “pinched” into 2 daughter cells