Immune System

Question 1

Lymphoid organs

Answer 1

Structures in which lymphocytes develop, reside, or carry out immune response; spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, etc.

Question 2

Primary lymphoid organs

Answer 2

Where stem cells develop into T and B cells

Question 3

Secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 3

Where most immune responses occur

Question 4

Bone marrow

Answer 4

Contain pluripotent stem cells that produce mature B cells and immature T cells

Question 5

Thymus

Answer 5

Contains T cells, where T cells mature

Question 6

Lymph nodes

Answer 6

All throughout body, filter microbes (destroyed by macrophages and lymphocytes)

Question 7

Spleen

Answer 7

Removes microbes, removes aged/defective RBC

Question 8

Innate immunity

Answer 8

Non-specific, no memory; includes first and second line of defense

Question 9

First line of defense

Answer 9

External physical and chemical barriers

Question 10

Physical barriers

Answer 10

Skin, mucous membranes, hair, sebum, gastric juice, vaginal secretions (acidic)

Question 11

Second line of defense

Answer 11

Natural killer cells, phagocytes, fever, inflammation (NON-SPECIFIC)

Question 12

Interferons

Answer 12

Discourage viral reproduction

Question 13

Steps for neutrophil and macrophage activity

Answer 13

Adhere, ingest, digest, kill

Question 14

Inflammation

Answer 14

Non-specific response to tissue damage

Question 15

Signs of inflammation

Answer 15

Redness, pain, heat, swelling

Question 16

Stages of inflammatory response

Answer 16

Vasodilation, emigration of phagocytes from blood, tissue repair

Question 17

Complement system

Answer 17

Attract neutrophils/promote phagocytosis

Question 18

Diapedesis

Answer 18

Phagocyte movement across capillary wall

Question 19

Adaptive immunity

Answer 19

Specific, can have memory; involves antigens, antibodies,

Question 20

How is adaptive immunity different from innate immunity?

Answer 20

Adaptive has specificity and memory

Question 21

Cell mediated immunity

Answer 21

Adaptive immunity where cells attack other cells, involves cytotoxic T cells

Question 22

Antibody mediated immunity

Answer 22

Adaptive immunity where B cells are used to secrete antibodies to bind antigens

Question 23

Complete antigen

Answer 23

Immunogenicity and reactivity

Question 24

Immunogenicity

Answer 24

Ability to provoke an immune response by stimulating production of specific antibodies

Question 25

Reactivity

Answer 25

Antibody binds specifically to the antigen that provoked it

Question 26

Epitopes

Answer 26

Antigenic determinants

Question 27

Memory cells

Answer 27

Differentiate into more plasma cells in future infections with the saem antigen/microbe

Question 28

Antibodies

Answer 28

Combine specifically with an epitope

Question 29

Most common antibody

Answer 29

IgG

Question 30

Antibody involved in allergic responses

Answer 30

IgE

Question 31

Antibody functions

Answer 31

Agglutinating, neutralizing, precipitating, activating (complement), opsonization

Question 32

Acquiring adaptive immunity

Answer 32

Naturally or artificially

Question 33

Passive immunity

Answer 33

Person receives antibodies from another person or animal, temporary because does not involve memory cells; ex. mother to fetus

Question 34

Artificial immunity

Answer 34

ex. vaccines, serum containing antibody

Question 35

Natural immunity

Answer 35

Develops when a person is exposed to an antigen naturally, development of memory cells