Control of Body Movements

Question 1

Somatic reflexes

Answer 1

Fast, involuntary contractions of skeletal muscle

Question 2

Monosynaptic vs. polysynaptic reflexes

Answer 2

Mono: one synapse (two neurons, one sensory, one efferent)
Poly: multiple synapses (interneurons between sensory and efferent)

Question 3

Proprioceptors

Answer 3

located in skeletal muscle, joint capsules, ligaments –> carry sensory input to sensory neurons in CNS; MONITOR POSITION OF LIMBS IN SPACE AND DURING MOVEMENT

Question 4

Stretch reflex

Answer 4

Stretching stimulates sensory receptor, sensory neuron excited, integrating center activates motor neuron, motor neuron excited, effector (contraction) –> relaxation of muscle antagonistic to stretching

Question 5

Tendon reflex

Answer 5

Increased tension stimulates sensory receptor, sensory neuron excited, integrating center, motor neuron excited, effector (contraction) –> relaxation of muscle antagonistic to tension

Question 6

Two proprioceptors

Answer 6

Muscle spindle, golgi tendon organ –> sensory receptors

Question 7

Stretch reflex receptor

Answer 7

Muscle spindle

Question 8

Tension reflex receptor

Answer 8

Golgi tendon organ

Question 9

Muscle spindle

Answer 9

Monitor muscle length and prevent overstretching

Question 10

Crossed extensor reflex

Answer 10

Helps maintain balance when one foot is lifted from the ground, extensors contract in the other leg to maintain stability

Question 11

Types of movement

Answer 11

Reflex, voluntary, rhythmic

Question 12

Flexion reflex

Answer 12

Cause an arm or leg to be pulled away from noxious stimulus

Question 13

Feedforward reflexes

Answer 13

Anticipated postural disturbance, postural adjustment before movement is made

Question 14

Visceral movement

Answer 14

Moves products in hollow organs

Question 15

Alpha-gamma coactivation

Answer 15

Ensures muscle spindle remains active when a muscle contracts (and can provide CNS with stretch information) –> maintenance of stretch