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Integrative Physiology > Cardiovascular Physiology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from heart

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2
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood towards heart

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3
Q

Blood flow across pressure gradient

A

Flows down pressure gradient

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4
Q

Blood pressure

A

Generated by the pressure that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels

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5
Q

Driving pressure for systemic flow is created by the…

A

Left ventricle

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6
Q

Blood vessel constriction

A

Increases BP

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7
Q

Blood vessel dilation

A

Decreases BP

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8
Q

Blood flows from ____ pressure to ____ pressure.

A

High –> low

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9
Q

If there is no pressure gradient, blood…

A

Will not flow

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10
Q

Mean arterial pressure is equivalent to

A

Cardiac output x peripheral resistance

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11
Q

Peripheral resistance

A

Function of radius of vessel; smaller diameter= more resistance

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12
Q

Effect of narrowness of vessel on flow velocity

A

More narrow = faster velocity

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13
Q

Velocity =

A

Flow rate/cross-sectional area

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14
Q

Pericardium

A

Membranous fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart; protects and anchors the heart

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15
Q

The heart is mainly comprised of this cell type

A

Myocardium

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16
Q

Heart valves ensure

A

One-way flow

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17
Q

Right heart valves

A

Tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar

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18
Q

Left heart valves

A

Bicuspid, aortic semilunar

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19
Q

Cardiac muscle vs. skeletal muscle

A

Cardiac muscle smaller, 1 nucleus per fiber, have intercalated disks, smaller sarcoplasmic reticulum (Ca2+ store)

20
Q

Intercalated disks

A

Allow for transfer of force (desmosomes) and electrical connections (gap junctions)

21
Q

AV node

A

Routes the direction of electrical signals, delays transmission of action potentials

22
Q

SA node

A

sets the pace of the heartbeat (70 bpm); pacemaker cells in the right atrium

23
Q

What other heart structures can set the pace of the heartbeat?

A

AV node (50 bpm), Purkinje fibers (25-40 bpm); only under certain conditions

24
Q

Major waves of electrocardiogram

A

P wave, QRS complex, T wave

25
Q

Stroke volume

A

Amount of blood pumped by one ventricle during a contraction

26
Q

Cardiac output

A

Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in a given period of time

27
Q

Cardiac output

A

Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in a given period of time

28
Q

Average cardiac output

A

5 L/min

29
Q

Systole

A

time during which the heart contracts

30
Q

Diastole

A

time during which the heart relaxes

31
Q

EDV, ESV

A

End-diastolic volume, End-systolic volume

32
Q

Stroke volume=

A

EDV - ESV

33
Q

1st heart sound

A

Closure of AV valves

34
Q

2nd heart sound

A

Closure of semilunar valves

35
Q

How do valves close in the heart?

A

Closed by backflow of blood

36
Q

P wave

A

Atrial depolarization (SA node)

37
Q

PR segment

A

Atria contract, conduction through AV node and bundle down towards apex

38
Q

Q wave

A

Depolarization moves to apex

39
Q

R wave

A

Depolarization spreads upwards

40
Q

S wave

A

Depolarization of ventricle

41
Q

ST segment

A

Ventricles contract

42
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular repolarization

43
Q

EDV

A

End-diastolic volume, the amount of blood pumped into the ventricles from the atria

44
Q

EDS

A

End-systolic volume, the amount of blood left in the ventricle after contraction (not all blood is forced out)

45
Q

Stroke volume increases when

A

EDV increases

46
Q

Effect of norepinephrine and epinephrine on cardiac output

A

Stimulate more forceful contraction, shorten duration of contraction

47
Q

Heart rate is determined by

A

rate of depolarization in pacemaker cells

Integrative Physiology (13 decks)

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