Immune and Endocrine System

Question 1

lymphatic system

Answer 1

lymph fluid from your capillaries/blood to your tissue filters things and brings them back to lymph nodes for filtration and then to the splein

Question 2

types of pathogens

Answer 2

viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists, cancerous cells

Question 3

lymphatic vs circulatory system

Answer 3

one has blood, one has lymph, they’re interwoven and work together

Question 4

creating immune cells

Answer 4

pluripotent stem cells become either lymphoid cells or myeloid cells; lymphoid cells split into T and B cells; myeloid cells split into red/white blood cells, neutrophils, macrophages

Question 5

1st line of immune defense

Answer 5

skin, mucous, coughing/sneezing/urination/diarrhea, unfavorable pH on skin and in stomach, lysozyme in tears and sweat

Question 6

2nd line of immune defense

Answer 6

patrol within the blood; leukocytes, complement proteins, inflammation

Question 7

leukocytes

Answer 7

white blood cells that are phagocytic and digest with lysosomes then release with exocytosis, including macrophages, natural killer cells, and neutrophils

Question 8

when inflammation occurs

Answer 8

body temperature increases, capillaries become bigger and more permeable, macrophages are attracted by histamines

Question 9

natural killer cells

Answer 9

perforate cells with perforin protein, then cells ruptures; destroy infected viral and cancer cells

Question 10

complement system

Answer 10

20 specific proteins in the blood that bacteria and fungal cells and pop them

Question 11

3rd line of immune defense

Answer 11

specific immune responses with lymphocytes and antibodies

Question 12

lymphocytes

Answer 12

T cells and B cells

Question 13

immunoglobins

Answer 13

specific antibodies/proteins

Question 14

how do B and T memory cells work?

Answer 14

they both engulf the antigen and leave a fragment of the pathogen on their membrane; now they are called antigen-presenting and they make antibodies for that specific antigen to be used in a later secondary response

Question 15

antigen

Answer 15

same as a pathogen

Question 16

primary vs secondary response

Answer 16

primary response is the first time the body sees an antigen, secondary response is the next time and it is much faster because the B and T memory cells know how to kill it already

Question 17

B cells

Answer 17

mature in bone marrow and live in bodily fluid (humorous response)

Question 18

T cells

Answer 18

mature in thymus and attack invaded cells