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Phase 1 Med > IMMS - Histology > Flashcards

IMMS - Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the location and function of simple squamous epithelia

A
  • Alveoli
  • Lining of heart
  • Blood and lymphatic vessels
  • Allow materials to pass through by diffusion/filtration
  • Secrete lubricating substances
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2
Q

Describe the location and function of simple cuboidal epithelia

A
  • Salivary glands
  • Duct of kidney
  • Secretion and absorption
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3
Q

Describe the location and function of simple columnar epithelia

A
  • Ciliated: bronchi, fallopian tubes, uterus
  • Non-ciliated: digestive tract and bladder
  • Absorption. Goblet cells also secrete mucus
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4
Q

Describe the location and function of pseudo-stratified columnar epithelia

A
  • Trachea

- Secrete mucus with ciliated tissue moving it

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5
Q

Describe the location and function of stratified squamous epithelia

A
  • Keratonising: skin
  • Non-kertanising: mouth, vagina
  • Protects against abrasion
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6
Q

What does alcian blue stain and what colour does it go?

A
  • Polysaccharides
  • GAGs
  • Cartilage
  • Stains blue/purple
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7
Q

What does eosin stain and what colour does it go?

A
  • RBC
  • Proteins in cytoplasm
  • Stains a purple
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8
Q

What does haematoxylin stain and what colour does it go?

A
  • Nuclei
  • RNA
  • Stains dark blue
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9
Q

What does PAS stain and what colour does it go?

A
  • Polysaccharides
  • Glycoproteins
  • Glycolipids
  • Stains beige/purple
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10
Q

What is the stain H&E made up of?

A
  • Heamatoxylin and eosin
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11
Q

How many types of collagen are there?

A

12

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12
Q

What do collagen 1 - 5 form?

A 
1 - Skin, bones, teeth
2 - Cartilage
3 - Liver, kidney, spleen
4 - Basement membranes
5 - Placenta
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13
Q

What is collagen secreted by?

A

Fibroblasts

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14
Q

What is unique about the collagen reticulin?

A

Can form branches

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15
Q

Name the 2 types of connective tissue

A

Loose and dense

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16
Q

What are elastic fibres made up of?

A

Fibrilin in an elastin matrix

17
Q

What colour do elastic fibres stain with H&E and what enables them to be distinguished from collagen?

A
  • Stain pink

- Elastin stains stronger and has a glassy appearance

18
Q

What is elastin produced by?

A

Fibroblasts

19
Q

Name the two types of adipose tissue and the differences

A
  • White: Single fat droplet in large cell

- Brown: Multiple fat droplets

20
Q

Name the 3 types of muscle

A
  • Smooth
  • Skeletal
  • Caridac
21
Q

Describe smooth muscle

A

Discrete cells, functioning as a whole.
Contractile proteins anchored in clumps to inside of cell membrane
Secrete a reticulin rich lamina (basement membrane)
Joined by gap junctions

22
Q

What is the appearance of longitudinally cut and transversely cut smooth muscle?

A
  • Longitudinal: Fusiform cells with central nuclei

- Transverse: Round cells with central round nuclei

23
Q

What is the structure of gap junctions?

A

6 connexons proteins

24
Q

What does skeletal muscle look like cut longitudinally and transversely?

A
  • Longitudinal: long, unbranched fibres with nuclei at edge of membrane
  • Transverse: Fasiculi with white spaces between each one. Again, nuclei at edge of membrane
25
Q

What are fasiculi?

A

Groups of muscle fibres surrounded by conenctive tissue

26
Q

What is the perimysium?

A

The connective tissue around fasiculi

27
Q

What is the endomysium?

A

Connective tissue between muscle fibres

28
Q

What is the epimysium?

A

Connective tissue around bundles of fasiculi which create muscle

29
Q

Describe cardiac muscle

A

Branched, rectnagular cells with central nuclei.

Connected via intercalated discs

30
Q

Which cells secrete cartilage?

A

Chondroblasts

31
Q

What do chondroblasts become?

A

Chondrocytes trapped in the matrix

32
Q

Describe the structure of cartilage

A

Cells embedded in GAG. Cartilage is surrounded by collagenous perichondrium

33
Q

Describe hyaline cartilage

A

GAG with small chondrocytes

34
Q

Describe elastic cartilage

A

GAG with small chondrocytes

More elastin, darker pink stained strands

35
Q

Describe fibrocartilage

A

GAG with small chondrocytes

Lots of branched-looking collagen fibres

36
Q

Describe the histological appearance of mineralised bone

A

Circular osteons with golden/brown Haversion canals at centre

37
Q

Describe the histological appearance of decalcified bone

A

Stains pink with H&E, mainly just concentric circles of collagen remaining

38
Q

Describe the location and histological appearance of membrane bone

A

In skull. Thin plates with large, purple-stained osteoblasts on either surface

Phase 1 Med (20 decks)

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