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Phase 1 Med > GI/Liver Embryology > Flashcards

GI/Liver Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What leads to primitive gut formation?

A

Lateral folding

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2
Q

What is the embryological start and end of foregut?

A

Oropharyngeal membrane to liver bud

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3
Q

What is the embryological start and end of midgut?

A

Liver bud to 2/3 along transverse colon

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4
Q

What is the embryological start and end of hindgut?

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to cloacal membrane

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5
Q

What are the stages of midgut development?

A
  • Elongation
  • Herniation
  • Retraction
  • Fixation
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6
Q

What happens during elongation?

A

Loop of the midgut elongates rapidly

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7
Q

What happens during herniation?

A

The midgut is pushed into the extraembryonic cavity through the umbilical cord

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8
Q

What happens during rotation?

A

The loop of midgut rotates 270 degrees anticlockwise

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9
Q

What happens during retraction?

A

The herniated midgut begins to return to the abdominal cavity, jejunum first and cloacal membrane last. The appendix also develops during this time.

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10
Q

What happens during fixation?

A

Some gut mesenteries fuse with posterior abdominal wall

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11
Q

Which organs are fixed, and which ones are mobile?

A
  • Fixed:
    Duodenum
    Ascending and descending colon
    Rectum
- Mobile:
Stomach
Jejunum and ileum
appendix
transverse and sigmoid colon
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12
Q

What are the oropharyngeal and cloacal membranes?

A

Future mouth and anus. Where the ectoderm and endoderm come into contact.

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13
Q

How many meseteries do the foregut, midgut and hindgut have?

A

Foregut - 2

Midgut and hindgut - 1

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14
Q

What is the gut derived from?

A
  • Endoderm and visceral mesoderm
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15
Q

What is derived from the endoderm?

A
  • Epithelium of bowel.
  • Hepatocytes.
  • Endo/exocrine cells of pancreas.
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16
Q

What is derived from the visceral mesoderm?

A
  • Muscle wall.
  • Connective tissue for the muscle wall and pancreas/liver.
  • Visceral peritoneum
17
Q

Where is the liver derived from?

A

Ventral mesentery

18
Q

Where is the spleen derived from?

A

Dorsal mesentery

19
Q

Where is the pancreas derived from?

A

Parts of the ventral and dorsal mesentery which then fuse together

20
Q

What happens to the stomach during development?

A
  • Rotation.

- Dorsal edge elongates to become greater curve.

Phase 1 Med (20 decks)

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