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Phase 1 Med > Cardiovascular - Embryology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular - Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Which layer is most of the CV system derived from?

A

Mesoderm

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2
Q

What does the primary heart field develop into?

A

Future left ventricle

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3
Q

What does the secondary heart field develop into?

A

Outflow tracts, future left and right atria, future right ventricle

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4
Q

Name the 3 stages of cardiac formation

A

1 - Primitive heart tube formation
2 - Cardiac looping
3 - Cardiac septation

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5
Q

Describe the formation of the primitive heart tube

A
  • Day 19, 2 endocardial tubes fuse
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6
Q

List the parts of the primitive heart tube

A
  • Truncus arteriosus
  • Bulbos cordis
  • Primitive ventricle
  • Primitive atrium
  • Left and right horn of sinus venosus
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7
Q

Describe cardiac looping

A
  • On day 23 - 28.
  • Cranial end folds ventrally and caudally (forwards and down) and shifts right.
  • At same time, caudal end fold dorso-cranially and shifts to left.
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8
Q

What is cardiac looping caused by?

A

Differential growth rates of the heart.

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9
Q

Where are atria in relation to ventricles after cardiac looping?

A

Atria end up behind ventricles

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10
Q

What structure does the truncus arteriosus give rise to?

A
  • Ascending aorta

- Pulmonary trunk

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11
Q

What structure does the bulbus cordis give rise to?

A
  • Smooth part (outflow tract) of L+R ventricles
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12
Q

What structure do the endocardial cushions give rise to?

A
  • Atrial spetum
  • Interventricular septum
  • AV and semilunar valves
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13
Q

What structure does the primitive atrium give rise to?

A
  • Trabeculated parts of the atria
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14
Q

What structure does the primitive ventricle give rise to?

A
  • Trabeculated parts of the ventricles
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15
Q

What does the right horn of the sinus venosus give rise to?

A
  • Smooth part of right atrium
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16
Q

What structure does the left horn of the sinus venosus give rise to?

A
  • Coronary sinus
17
Q

What structure does the primitive pulmonary vein give rise to?

A
  • Smooth part of left atrium
18
Q

What structure do the primitive right common carotid and right anterior cardinal veins give rise to?

A
  • Superior vena cava
19
Q

Describe atrial cardiac septation

A
  • 2 endocardial cushions form on dorsal and ventral walls of atria.
  • They grow towards each other and fuse = AV canal.
  • Septum primum then grows from superior aspect of atrium. Gap between it and cushions = foramen primum.
  • Another space opens up in septum primum = foramen secundum, and the foramen primum closes.
  • Septum secundum then begins to grow from top and bottom, next to septum primum.
  • Top part of septum primum begins to disappear.
  • Gap between septum secundum from top and septum primum from bottom = foramen ovale.
20
Q

Describe ventricular septation

A
  • Ventricle had a membranous and muscular septum growing from apex.
  • Walls grow and fuse together = interventricular septum
21
Q

What does the 1st aortic arch give rise to?

A

Regresses and forms part of maxillary artery (in face)

22
Q

What does the 2nd aortic arch give rise to?

A

Regresses and forms part of stapedial artery (in ear)

23
Q

What does the 3rd aortic arch give rise to?

A

Internal and common carotid arteries

24
Q

What does the 4th aortic arch give rise to?

A

Right: Part of right subclavian artery
Left: Part of aortic arch

25
Q

What does the 5th aortic arch give rise to?

A

Nothing - either regresses or develops partially then regresses

26
Q

What does the 6th aortic arch give rise to?

A

Right: Right pulmonary artery
Left: Left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus

27
Q

Describe foetal circulation

A
  • Maternal circulation
  • Placenta
  • Umbilical vein
  • Some to liver, 1/3 to ductus venosum
  • Liver straight to RA, ductus venosum to IVC then RA
  • Some to LA through foramen ovale, so to RV
  • RV to pulmonary artery then aorta via ductus arteriosus. LA to LV then aorta.
  • Aorta to umbilical arteries
  • Back to maternal circulation
28
Q

What does the ductus venosum become at birth?

A

Ligamentum venosum

29
Q

What does the ductus arteriosus become at birth?

A

Ligamentum arteriosus

30
Q

What does the foramen ovale become at birth?

A

Fossa ovalis

31
Q

What does the umbilical vein become at birth?

A

Ligamentum teres hepatis

32
Q

What does the umbilical artery become at birth?

A

Medial umbilical ligament

33
Q

When does vasculogensis commence?

A

Day 18

34
Q

What is vasculogenesis?

A

Differentiation of angioblasts into endothelial cells which form a primitive vascular network.

Phase 1 Med (20 decks)

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