Immediate Emergency Care (5 Day IEC) Flashcards
Which Act of Parliament establishes the principle of ‘Assumed Capacity’?
The Mental Capacity Act 2005. It also states that patients should be given practical help with decisions, that a lack of capacity should not be assumed just because of a bad decision and freedoms should not be restricted
Capacity can be ‘impaired’ by poor brain function. How do we test for this impairment? (4)
Can the individual:
1) Understand information
2) Retain information
3) Weigh up information
4) Communicate
What does DNAR stand for?
Do Not Attempt Resuscitation
In which of the following circumstances are Responders to initiate resuscitation:
A) A close family member states that there is a DNAR
B) A copy of the DNAR is shown to the responder
C) The reason stated on the DNAR does not correspond with circumstances?
All of the above. The original DNAR must be available and the stated reason for the DNAR must correspond with the circumstances
There are 8 listed:
‘Signs Unequivocally Associated with Death’ can you name 5?
1) Decapitation
2) Massive cranial/cerebral destruction
3) Hemicorporectomy (cut in half)
4) Massive Truncal Injury
5) Decomposition/Putrefaction
6) Incineration (95%+)
7) Hypostasis (Coloration caused by blood pooling in the lowest quarter of the body
8) Rigor Mortis
These are the same no matter what the age of the casualty
When someone is lying on their back (face up) are they Prone or Supine?
Supine
When beginning a ‘Primary Survey’ latex gloves must be worn. Which other item of PPE should be considered?
Eye protection
Always change gloves between casualties
What does the first D stand for in the Primary Survey Acronym DR C ABCDE?
Danger.
Posed by People, objects or the environment
What does the first R stand for in the Primary Survey Acronym DR C ABCDE?
Response
When gauging the response of a casualty during a primary survey do we use:
A) The Glasgow Coma Scale or
B) AVPU
B) AVPU
What does AVPU stand for?
Alert
(Responsive to) Voice Commands
(Responsive to) Pain
Unresponsive
A casualty is always deemed as being one of the above
What does the first C stand for in the Primary Survey Acronym DR C ABCDE?
Catastrophic Bleed, consider use of tourniquet or blast dressing
On approach to a casualty you say ‘Hello, Hello’ and get no response (A) you then say ‘Open your Eyes’ and still get no response (V) how do you then attempt to elicit a pain response (P)?
Tap or squeeze the shoulders
What does A stand for in the Primary Survey Acronym DR C ABCDE?
Airway.
Open mouth and look but don’t use fingers to clear (Adult/child may clench teeth, Trismus, and in infants it could trigger vagus nerve with catastrophic results)
In what circumstances might we consider the ‘Jaw Thrust’ (CE or Anaesthetist grip) as a manoeuvre to clear the Airway instead of the ‘Head Tilt Chin Lift’ (simultaneously using 3 fingers under chin to lift and 3 fingers on forehead to tilt the head back)
Suspected cervical spine injuries
What 2 types of adjunct might be used to maintain a clear airway?
Nasopharyngeal Airways (NP’s) for altering levels of consciousness and Oropharyngeal Airways (OP’s) for unconscious casualties only
How do we now size an OP airway correctly?
Angle of the jaw to a point level with the mid incisor (Green currently fits Resusci Annie).
To correctly fit an OP hold the chin to open mouth, point end toward roof of mouth place in gently until resistance then turn, seat resting lip on lips. In children aged 8 and under insert with no turn.
How many sizes of OP airway do we carry?
4
We currently carry 2 full sets of 4 OP’s in each bag. These can be replenished by LAS
How many sizes of NP airway do we carry in each EIC bag?
2 size 7 (mm) adult male and size 6 (mm) adult female. We carry a packet of 2 of each, not replenished by LAS.
To Fit an NP correctly apply lubricant, point curve toward mouth, wiggle slightly on entry to nostril, do not force if wiggle does not work remove. NPs DO NOT need rotating.
When are NP Airways contra indicated (not to be used)? (2)
1) Where a base of skull fracture suspected
2) Where a casualty is less than 12 years old
What does B stand for in the Primary Survey Acronym DR C ABCDE?
Breathing
Each intake of breath contains approximately 79% Nitrogen and 21% Oxygen. Each exhaled breath contains 79% Nitrogen, 16% Oxygen and 5% CO2
How long should be spent checking for a breath?
10 seconds
Assess every 60 seconds
In what circumstances would we consider ‘Rescue Breaths’? (2)
5 for a child not breathing
5 for and adult drowning victim
At what rate of respiration (breaths per minute) would we begin to assist using the ‘Bag and Mask’?
<10 breaths per minute
(less than 10).
Count to six with each