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LFB Policy Notes & FRU (2020) > FRU Course - Water Rescue Technician > Flashcards

FRU Course - Water Rescue Technician Flashcards

1
Q

What Colour helmet denotes a ‘Water Rescue Technician’?

A

Red

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2
Q

What is the ‘Clean Line’ concept?

A

Only using lines that are free of knots

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3
Q

When would a Rescue Technician shout the word ‘Contact’?

A

Once they have taken control of a casualty in the water

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4
Q

What does the phrase ‘NO DUFF’ signify?

A

That and individual is serious

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5
Q

What is the hand signal used to indicate that you are ok?

A

Pat your head

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6
Q

What helmet colour signifies a Water Rescue first responder?

A

Yellow

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7
Q

What are the four most common line throwing techniques?

A 
Underarm
American Football
Side on (round the corner)
The grenade
(Don’t forget the stick technique)
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8
Q

What is the first stage in the Hierarchy of Rescue?

A

Talk

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9
Q

When speaking to a casualty in the water how do we address them?

A

Swimmer (eg ‘Swimmer I am going to throw you a line’)

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10
Q

On a tidal river, which can flow either way how do you determine ‘River Right’ and River Left’?

A

It would normally be following the flow but in this case would be from the direction of the rivers origin to its outlet

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11
Q

What is the second element of the Hierarchy of Rescue?

A

Reach

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12
Q

What are the advantages of using a pole to reach?

A

You are unlikely to be pulled in as you can let go and it gives you a greater reach

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13
Q

What is the line attached to the front of the rescue boat called?

A

The Painter

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14
Q

What’s the key to success when ‘Shotgun’ Rescue lining?

A

Short lap coils

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15
Q

Facing down the boat, from the stern, which side is the port side left or right?

A

Left

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16
Q

At what point does a rescuer shout ‘CONTACT’?

A

Once they have the casualty secured.

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17
Q

When a boat is capsized where do the crew assemble?

A

At the stern

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18
Q

What is the signal that you are going to move under the boat or from under the boat?

A

Two clear bangs on the hull

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19
Q

What is a ‘strainer’?

A

An obstruction in the water with holes in it eg railings, grates or natural materials such as branches or roots?

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20
Q

As a rescue swimmer where do you attach the karabiner from the ‘cows tail’?

A

The loop on the outside of the rescue line bag

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21
Q

What is the ideal angle for a tensioned rescue line or tethered inflated hose?

A

At 45 degrees or less to the direction of flow (current vector)

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22
Q

How many turns should a ‘NO KNOT’ have?

A

As many as you need

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23
Q

The bow (front) chamber of the rescue boat should be inflated first. How many chambers does the rescue boat have and why?

A

4, if one is punctured the other 3 should keep it afloat.

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24
Q

Why can you slightly under inflate the bow (front) chamber of the ERB?

A

Because the side chambers push against it once they are inflated and increase the pressure

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25
Q

To what pressure do you inflate the hose inflation kit?

A

3 bar

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26
Q

What knot is used the fix the rescue line to the inside of the bag?

A

A re-roved figure of eight

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27
Q

What class of water are we now qualified to work in?

A

Class 2

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28
Q

What is an ‘Eddy Fence’?

A

A visible line of turbulent water that needs to be crossed in order to enter or exit an Eddy

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29
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of moving water?

A

1) Powerful
2) Relentless
3) Predictable
4) Lazy

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30
Q

When tying a ‘NO KNOT’ which way should it be wound around the anchor?

A

So that the drag pushes it against the anchor rather than pulling it away

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31
Q

Where is the slowest water on a bend found?

A

On the inside of the bend

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32
Q

What is a ‘SYPHON’?

A

A constriction such as a drain or a pipe which attracts a high level of water pressure

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33
Q

‘Easy Rapids, clear channels with a risk of bumps and bruises’ describes what class of water; 1,2,3 or 4?

A

2

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34
Q

What is a ‘CUSHION WAVE’?

A

An unmoving area of surface turbulence (wave) which indicates a solid object below the surface of the water which goes all the way to the bottom.

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35
Q

A velocity of 3 meters per second is the equivalent of: A) a slow walk or B) a fast walk?

A

B) a fast walk

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36
Q

What hand signal should be used to ‘release the line’?

A

The cut sign, flat hand drawn across the neck

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37
Q

What is a ‘LILLY PAD’?

A

A small area of land surrounded by flood water

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38
Q

What does IRP stand for?

A

Inflatable Rescue Path

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39
Q

The ‘fire boat’ carries a 5m IRP, what length are the 3 carried on the FRU?

A

2 meters

40
Q

Which is stronger New or Old ice?

A

New

41
Q

The IRPs have how many chambers?

A

3

42
Q

Do we adopt the water rescue Hierarchy when working on unstable surfaces?

A

Yes

43
Q

Hydrostatic Squeeze can cause cardiac arrest so what is the best position for the casualty once rescued?

A

Horizontal, preferably feet first if in the rescue boat as this elevates them.

44
Q

How many mm’s of ice can trap you; 15,20 or 25?

A

15mm

45
Q

What is the average normal core temperature for a person?

A

37 degrees Celsius

46
Q

Most traumatic injuries occur within 3m’s of the bank so personnel must be kept to a minimum, what must they wear?

A

Full PPE

47
Q

‘Cold Water Shock’ can occur at relatively warm temperatures, what does the body do when this occurs?

A

There is an involuntary gasp for air followed by breathing that the casualty cannot control

48
Q

Drowning can occur up to 72 hours after an incident, what are the four symptoms that would require the casualty to be transported to hospital?

A

They:

1) Are Unconscious
2) Have inhaled Water
3) Have difficultly breathing or coughing
4) Have Foam around the mouth or nose

49
Q

There are 2 types of operation; RESCUE and RECOVERY what is the recognised timescale between the two?

A

90 minutes from a casualties ‘confirmed’ time of entry in to the water

50
Q

What is the hand signal that a rescuer wants to stop moving when carrying out a downstream ‘V’ rescue?

A

Both hands straight up

51
Q

What may be used to tension a line if a rope grab is not available?

A

A prusik line

52
Q

What is the third stage of the Hierarchy of Rescue?

A

Throw

53
Q

It is an ‘Absolute’ that you should have upstream spotters but what should they have been briefed to spot? (4)

A

1) Further Casualties
2) Floating Debris
3) Changes in flow conditions
4) Other River Users (Traffic)

54
Q

Only the IC (Safety Officer) can start a rescue. Who can stop one?

A

Any Personnel taking part

55
Q

What is the 4th element of the Hierarchy of Rescue?

A

Wade

56
Q

Ironically the ‘Hot Zone’ is the water, what/where is the warm zone?

A

3 meters from the ‘fall point’ to the water, this forms the inner cordon

57
Q

What is number one on the list of ‘Absolutes’ of water rescue?

A

Never let Urgency and Emotion drive a decision

58
Q

Air may be pumped into mud in an attempt to loosen a casualty using the mud lance, what might be used to pump water for the same purpose?

A

An extinguisher

59
Q

What is element number 5 in the Hierarchy of Rescue?

A

Row (ERB)

60
Q

As with RTC’s an IC must always have a what?

A

Plan B

61
Q

What is ‘Laminar flow?’

A

A layered water flow where the fastest water is nearest the surface and the middle of the current

62
Q

What is the 6th element of the Hierarchy of Rescue?

A

‘GO/TOW’ tethered ERB

63
Q

When using ‘tensioned lines’ what must you never do?

A

Stand in the bight

64
Q

A recovery line must never be tensioned at what angle to the current vector and why?

A

90 Degrees because the strain that would be placed on the line, it would also likely hold the casualty in the current (ideally aim for 45 degrees or less)

65
Q

Why might a weir affect buoyancy?

A

The white water is 40-60% Air

66
Q

What is the 7th element in the Hierarchy of Rescue?

A

Helo - Helicopter

67
Q

How much force does 1 meter cubed of water exert?

A

1 metric Tonne

68
Q

SAR and NPAS helicopters have thermal imaging and FLIR, what does FLIR stand for?

A

Foreword Looking Infrared

69
Q

Given the Hierarchy of Rescue what is the best type of plan?

A

One executed from the bank.

70
Q

There are many waterborne diseases, what do police divers do when they are aware that they have consumed potentially contaminated water?

A

Drink 2 litres of Coke, it is believed to create a gastric environment difficult for the bacteria to survive in.

71
Q

How can you adjust the ‘trim’ of the ERB?

A

By moving backwards or forwards in the boat (raising the bow or stern)

72
Q

What is a ‘surface dive’ and how do we use it?

A

A dive which skims the water surface (hands over face) used to reduce the swimming distance in strong currents.

73
Q

During the ‘Talk’ (1st element of Rescue Hierarchy) stage what information should be gathered from the casualty? (4)

A

1) Are there any other casualties?
2) Are they injured?
3) Are they trapped?
4) How long have they been there?

74
Q

Can we always ‘wade’ when the water is below knee height?

A

No. 15cm’s of fast water can be to strong to stand in.

75
Q

What is the difference between a ‘PAN PAN’ and a ‘MAYDAY’ distress signal?

A

A ‘PAN-PAN’ (possible assistance needed) signals an urgent but not life threatening need for help requiring a more localised response. MAYDAY will see a drop everything response from every vessel receiving it.

76
Q

When can an IRB be committed to the Thames?

A

When escorted by the fire boat, or equivalent, and only with correct Radio

77
Q

Can an IRB cross the Thames?

A

Yes if escorted but unlikely as they are underpowered and will be unable to cross at 90 degrees

78
Q

What is an ‘ENGLISH REEVE’ and what is it used for?

A

A tensioned line pulley system that crosses the flow and is roved to advantage. It is fastened to a bridle on the front of the ERB and used for moving the ERB up and down and from side to side in conjunction with 2 throw lines attached to the D rings at the Stern

79
Q

When might it be necessary to tie an ‘ALPINE BUTTERFLY’?

A

When rigging the ‘BRIDLE’ for the IRB for a Norwegian or English reeve

80
Q

What is the difference between an ‘ENGLISH REEVE’ and a ‘NORWEGIAN REEVE’?

A

There is no throw line attached to the ‘BEARS PAW’ for the opposite bank in the Norwegian Reeve

81
Q

Which part of the IRB is the ‘TRANSOM’?

A

The board on the stern where the motor is mounted.

82
Q

Gold, Silver and Bronze form the command structure for a major flooding. What do they each control?

A

Gold - Strategy
Silver - Tactics
Bronze - Operations

83
Q

It is an ‘ABSOLUTE’ that boats can only be used if?

A

There is a ‘swim out’ or a failsafe system is in place

84
Q

Who comes last in the Absolute of priority of care?

A

The Casualty

85
Q

What type of team will ‘Water Rescue Technicians’ be in at a flooding emergency?

A

Type ‘B’

86
Q

How many team members are there in a ‘B’ team and how can you identify the team leader?

A

7 and they will be wearing a white helmet

87
Q

Who wears a ‘PINK and YELLOW’ tabard at a flooding event?

A

The Sector Commanders

88
Q

Who wears the ‘PINK’ tabard?

A

The IC

89
Q

Why have I not asked a series of questions about TEMPO?

A

Because it’s one of those stupid made up words that doesn’t actually help you remember the list as it’s constituent parts don’t really fit the meaning

90
Q

What is the overriding principle of flood rescue planning?

A

‘Any tactic can not exceed the capabilities of those carrying it out’

91
Q

What are the 4 phases of a major flooding incident?

A

1) Pre Flood
2) Flash Flood
3) Expansion
4) Recovery

92
Q

It is an ABSOLUTE that you must have multiple down stream safety. What level in the Hierarchy of Rescue should they be?

A

Equal to or greater than the rescue

93
Q

Who must you never give a throw line to?

A

Duncan

94
Q

What is the ‘DEFENSIVE SWIMMING POSITION’?

A

Feet facing downstream and together with legs slightly bent

95
Q

Which Maritime VHF channel is used by the fire boat to communicate with the Police boat and RNLI while using search patterns on the Thames?

A

14

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LFB Policy Notes & FRU (2020) (33 decks)

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