FRU Course - Animal Rescue 2

Question 1

What is the 1st ‘Golden Rule’ of animal rescue?

Answer 1

Never release an animal until you have somewhere for it to go

Question 2

What legislative instrument covers animal rescue activities?

Answer 2

Animal Rescue Act 2005, LFB will aim to move an animal from a place of Danger to a place of Safety as humanely as possible

Question 3

How long are the longest rescue strops?

Answer 3

9 metres

Question 4

If an animal has a ‘Round Hoof’ will it raise its front legs or back legs first?

Answer 4

Front First - round hoof

Back First - cloven hood

Question 5

What does ‘putting a smile on the line’ mean?

Answer 5

Not pulling the line to the head restraint tight, soft hands

Question 6

What is the first action in any Large Animal Rescue?

Answer 6

Fitting a head restraint

Question 7

What is the most common type of injury caused by Equine handling?

Answer 7

Crush injuries, some breeds of Horse weigh over 1000 kg, even a pony can weigh over 500 kg

Question 8

When holding a line during a rescue what must you never do?

Answer 8

Wrap it around your hand

Question 9

Prior to a large animal rescue what may be used to assist the animal to self rescue?

Answer 9

Food (a bucket of pebbles)

Question 10

Why is the lower leg a particularly vulnerable part of a horse?

Answer 10

It has no muscle and the skin is thin making them susceptible to puncture wounds and degloving

Question 11

What does BEVA stand for?

Answer 11

British Equine Vet Association

Question 12

There are 3 golden rules of Equine rescue. ‘Never release an animal until it has somewhere to go to’ is one what are the other 2?

Answer 12

‘A head restraint (head collar or emergency halter) must be put on prior to rescue’ and ‘Rescuers must have a safe egress route’

Question 13

When a horse is on its side where should the work be carried out?

Answer 13

Spineside

Question 14

How much faster is a horses reactions than a humans?

Answer 14

7

Question 15

What piece of PPE is of paramount importance at a large animal rescue?

Answer 15

Helmet, to be worn by all in the risk area

Question 16

When skidding a horse what must the IC try to ensure?

Answer 16

That the ground is soft and will not damage the side of the horse

Question 17

Where is a horses only blind spot?

Answer 17

A small area ruffly covering the tail

Question 18

IC’s may come under intense pressure to ‘Do Something’. When an animal is thrashing around what must be done before a rescue attempt is made?

Answer 18

The animal must be sedated

Question 19

When used by an Equine vet what does the phrase ‘Not Viable’ mean?

Answer 19

That the Horses injuries are such that it will be destroyed even if it is rescued

Question 20

Approximately how many horses are believed to be stabled within the confines of the M25: 7000, 70,000 or 700,000?

Answer 20

70,000

Question 21

There are 3 ways that an IC should seek to get an Equine vet on scene, what are they?

Answer 21

1) The owner arranges for a Vet to attend.
2) The RSPCA attend and arrange a Vet
3) Control contacts BEVA who arrange the attendance of a Vet.
Note that owners may be reluctant due to the cost but it is their responsibility.

Question 22

Why might a horses ears be sensitive, particularly in warm weather?

Answer 22

Ear mites

Question 23

Can you brake a horses tail?

Answer 23

Yes, great care should be taken to avoid damaging it as it is the end of its spine

Question 24

If a horse is sedated will it stand or fall?

Answer 24

A horse will stand but it’s head will drop. A cloven hoofed animal such as a cow will drop (a horse will still drop if it is anaesthetised)

Question 25

If a Vet states that an animal is ‘Coming Light’ what do they mean?

Answer 25

The sedative is wearing off

Question 26

On what side of a Horse will a handler normally be?

Answer 26

The LEFT and all work should be carried out on the same side as the handler.

Question 27

Are a horses hind (rear) hoofs round or oval in shape?

Answer 27

Oval, the front hoofs are round

Question 28

What length is the ‘strop guide’?

Answer 28

1.8 meters

Question 29

What does a RED bandage or bow tied to the tail of a horse indicate?

Answer 29

That it is a ‘Kicker’ BEWARE!

Question 30

When handling rescue tools, what principle should be adopted and why?

Answer 30

Keep the tools ‘Airborne’, on the ground they are trip hazard or may be lost

Question 31

Which 2 types of Head Restraint do LFB use on horses?

Answer 31

‘Head Collar’ and ‘Emergency Rope Halter’

Question 32

Horses are measured in hands. How many inches are there in a hand?

Answer 32

4

Question 33

How do you spell ‘Diareea’?

Answer 33

Diarrhoea

Question 34

What is the quick release mechanism LFB use called?

Answer 34

The ‘Spreader Bar’

Question 35

What are Zoonoses?

Answer 35

Diseases that animals can pass to humans

Question 36

There are 2 danger zones when effecting a horse rescue that force personnel to work spine-side, what are they?

Answer 36

‘The Kicking Zone’ and ‘The Head Butt Zone’

Question 37

What is an ‘IV’ injection?

Answer 37

An ‘Intravenous Injection’. IV is a very effective way of administering sedation to a Horse and is made in the Jugular Groove on the horses neck.

Question 38

Why should ‘Chemical’ and ‘Physical’ restraints not be used together?

Answer 38

Physical restraint produces adrenaline which counteracts the effect of chemical restraints

Question 39

How do you spell Anasthesia?

Answer 39

Anaesthesia

Question 40

What is the difference between ‘Sedation’ and ‘Anaesthesia’?

Answer 40

Sedation - Lights down | Anaesthesia - Lights our

Question 41

When an animal has been sedated what 2 questions need to be asked of the vet by the IC?

Answer 41

How long before the drugs will take effect? (lead in time) and How long should the sedation last?

Question 42

When selecting a firefighter to apply the head restraint and take control of the animal what should the IC consider?

Answer 42

Picking a member of the crew that is confident with animals

Question 43

A horses ‘Binocular’ (using two eyes) field of vision is 60-70 Degrees. What is it’s ‘Monocular’ (using one eye) field of vision?

Answer 43

215 Degrees

Question 44

How should you always approach a horse?

Answer 44

From the side, you can be seen but you aren’t in the way if it bolts

Question 45

What might the handler consider using to help calm a horse?

Answer 45

Food, grass or hay is preferable to solid food as it will not create a choking hazard

Question 46

A horse is a ‘Prey’ animal and it’s hearing is particularly sensitive which is why the rescue scene must be kept quiet. What might be used by the Vet to help with this once it is sedated?

Answer 46

Cotton Wool can be placed in its ears

Question 47

How can a Vet help you to identify a horses owner?

Answer 47

All horses SHOULD have a microchip

Question 48

When establishing cordons what should not be used?

Answer 48

Tape, it flaps and may spook the animal

Question 49

Managing people at a large animal rescue can be incredibly difficult. The owner in particular may view the animal as a child, what tactic can an IC use to help the situation?

Answer 49

Give the owner a job to do. Examples: ‘Could you ring your vet?’ ‘Whats his favourite food, can you get some for me?’ ‘Do you now a farmer with a tele lifter?’ ‘Can you move the other horses too... ?’

Question 50

What 4 indicators are common to many Zoonoses?

Answer 50

1) Flu like symptoms 2) Diarrhoea 3) Skin lesions 4) Miscarriages (anzoonotic abortion)

Question 51

What is ‘Euthanasia’?

Answer 51

Destroying the horse

Question 52

Once a head restraint has been applied what should be done to the attached line and how should it be held?

Answer 52

Two overhand knots put in it (to stop you touching the clip and to stop it being pulled from your hand). In a two handed bicycle grip with a smile in the line.

Question 53

What does a blue bow or bandage tied around a horse tail denote?

Answer 53

That it is a Stallion

Question 54

Large Animal Rescues follow a ‘clean line’ (no knot) protocol. Which technique is the exception?

Answer 54

The Forward Skid: a ‘larks foot’ (choker) is used with the rescue strop

Question 55

When hauling on a double line all personnel must understand which side is to be released on completion and they should also be what?

Answer 55

All standing on the same side of the line.

Question 56

What is the correct name for the ‘Down a Cow’?

Answer 56

Medical suspension harness

Question 57

Which techniques are preferable Skidding or Lifting?

Answer 57

Skidding, lifting causes a great deal more physical and psychological stress to the animal

Question 58

What is the ‘Tripping Bar’ and where would you find it?

Answer 58

It is the RED locking mechanism on the spreader bar

Question 59

What does IM stand for?

Answer 59

Intramuscular Injection, normally applied to a horses hind quarters (rear). Much slower acting, may have a ‘lead in time’ of 45 minutes or more

Question 60

What does a WHITE bow or bandage tied to a horses tail denote?

Answer 60

That the horse is for sale

Question 61

What is a ‘Gelding’?

Answer 61

A male horse that has been castrated

Question 62

There are four ‘Skid’ techniques in large animal rescue, what are they?

Answer 62

1) Forward Skid (Assist) 2) Side Skid 3) Rear Skid 4) Barrel Skid (lift/steep bank)

Question 63

There are 2 reasons that we may roll a horse, what are they?

Answer 63

1) To stimulate it to rise (full roll) | 2) To allow the vet to assess the unseen side of the animal (half roll)

Question 64

When an animal is in a body of water what must the IC ensure?

Answer 64

That persons/personnel do not enter the water with the animal

Question 65

When lifting a horse what is the maximum time that it should be suspended?

Answer 65

3 minutes

Question 66

When an animal is ‘Dorsal Recumbent’ what position is it in?

Answer 66

On its back

Question 67

What is the only situation in which an IC may consider ‘Hobbling’ (tying its ankles together) a horse and why?

Answer 67

Where a person is trapped beneath it. Not generally accepted practice as it involves entering the ‘kick zone’ and dragging the horse by its legs is very likely to damage it.

Question 68

What is our number 1 priority at any animal rescue?

Answer 68

HUMAN life risk

Question 69

What is the safest way for a vet to administer sedation?

Answer 69

By ‘remote injection’, becoming more common

Question 70

Which EXPERTS have primacy at a large animal rescue; The Owner, The Approved Equine Vet, The Land Owner or the RSPCA when in attendance?

Answer 70

None. The IC is responsible for the safety of the scene. Note - when surveyed 83% of people admitted that they risk their lives for an animal. There is often incredible pressure placed on IC’s to act.

Question 71

The 2 pins in the spreader bar will both point towards the head of the animal in what circumstances?

Answer 71

When the spreader bar (quick release mechanism) is used in conjunction with the medical suspension harness

Question 72

When carrying out a rescue from a trailer the lead/lunge line is secured outside the trailer, but to what?

Answer 72

The ‘Jockey Wheel’

Question 73

What is the signal to a driver to ‘Tele out’ (extend the boom)?

Answer 73

👍 Thumbs out, hands moving away from each other

Question 74

During a large animal rescue should activity be simultaneous?

Answer 74

NO one task at a time, gentle, quiet and spine side.

Question 75

Horses may be referred to as being ‘Hot blooded’ ‘Warm blooded’ or ‘Cold blooded’. What is this describing?

Answer 75

Their temperament

Question 76

What is an animals ‘flight Zone’?

Answer 76

It’s personal space, once you cross into its flight zone it will move away, a sheep dog stays on the edge of the sheeps flight zone and enters it to make them move.

Question 77

What is the hand signal for a tele driver to raise the boom/lift?

Answer 77

☝️Raised arm, raised index finger circling (the speed of the circling indicates the speed of the lift)

Question 78

If an animal is tagged (cloven hoofed usually) how can the IC use this to identify the owner?

Answer 78

By using Control to contact ‘Trading Standards’ ‘Animal Health’ who use the number to track all livestock movements (24/7 and the number in the smaller font is herd number)

Question 79

What must an IC appoint at every large animal rescue?

Answer 79

A Safety Officer, brief to include kicking and butting zones

Question 80

What hand signal is used by the banksman to tell the tele driver to stop?

Answer 80

✊ Raised arm, clenched fist, palm front

Question 81

What is a TAR?

Answer 81

A Technical Advisor for Rescue

Question 82

When an animal is in a Pit what might the IC consider?

Answer 82

Digging a side out

Question 83

Righting a horse trailer before dealing with the animals can be done in a controlled fashion with 2 tirfor winches, long strops and shackles. What needs to be used underneath the strops and why?

Answer 83

Packing timbers to stop the strops from crushing the top and sides of the box.

Question 84

When a vet is administering drugs using needles what should the IC consider putting in place?

Answer 84

A container for sharps and someone to hold it. The drugs used are very powerful and highly corrosive

Question 85

What two verbal commands should a horse handler know?

Answer 85

‘Stand’ and ‘Walk on’

Question 86

What position is an animal in if it is laterally recumbent?

Answer 86

Lying on its side

Question 87

Most horse trailers have common features such as dividers, ramps, breast bars, breaching bars etc. Which feature should the IC utilise first?

Answer 87

The viewing panel

Question 88

When a large animal has fallen in to a swimming pool what can be used to encourage it to move to the shallow end?

Answer 88

A long line draped across the width of the pool and moved toward the correct end by 2 FF’s

Question 89

When a head restraint is used with cattle what must be done with the line?

Answer 89

It must be tied to something SOLID

Question 90

There are more than 80 non indigenous species of animals living wild in the UK. What is the complication in rescuing one?

Answer 90

They should not be released into the wild

Question 91

When a lift rescue is being carried where must personnel never stand?

Answer 91

Underneath the boom

Question 92

It is essential that an IC carries out a what before leaving the scene?

Answer 92

A formal handover

Question 93

What substance should be used to carry out an initial decontamination at scene and in what solution?

Answer 93

ANIGENE in a 1:50 solution (100ml to 5Ls of water) it is non corrosive POMS V3048A

Question 94

How can a IC get assistance in transporting livestock and containers from scene?

Answer 94

Through Control by asking for a DEFRA Approved Haulier (normally PRP) they will charge the registered owner

Question 95

When using a tele lifter what should be placed in the cab with the operator?

Answer 95

A Radio

Question 96

When feeding ropes and lines though strops in contact with the animal what is it good practice to do?

Answer 96

Put a foot on the strop between the activity and the animal to prevent vibration stimulating a response

Question 97

A tele handler lifting a large animal should be careful to avoid what, once the animal is clear of the ground?

Answer 97

It’s feet touching the ground, aim for a minimum 6 inch clearance

Question 98

A large Animal Rescue scene is a HAZMAT scene, what should FF’a be encouraged to use?

Answer 98

Disinfectant Gel | POMS SV3048A

Question 99

Upon return to station what MUST be done with all of the equipment used?

Answer 99

Dip, Dunk and Dry using ANIGENE

Question 100

What do LFB mobilise to a Large Animal Incident?

Answer 100

1 x Pump with WM 1 x FRU HAZMAT 1 x FRU Boat 1 x TAR (Technical Advisor for Rescue)