Fireworks and Explosives - Incidents and fires Involving Explosive Materials (PN 806) Flashcards
Explosive Hazards will be identified by what term?
‘Yankee Hazard’
What is the correct Hazard Zone in metres for explosives up to 250kg (approximately the size of a small car)
200 metres
What is the maximum storage of fireworks for domestic use in a shop (in kgs)?
250kg
Radios must not be used within how many metres of explosives:
A) 30 metres
B) 50 metres
C) 60 metres?
C) 60 metres
This may be relaxed once specialist advice has confirmed that the material is not sensitive to the effects of radio transmissions
A 600 metres Hazard Zone must be established in what 2 circumstances?
1) Explosives 251kg - 2000kg
2) Military Explosive Munitions HD1.2
Where military or malicious explosive devices are suspected radio transmissions should be avoided within how many meters of the device?
600 metres
In the event of explosives in excess of 2000 kg what should the hazard zone be?
1000 metres (1km)
Gun enthusiasts who hold an ‘acquire and keep certificate’ are licensed by the police to keep upto how many kgs of black powder stored in metal boxes:
A) 1 kg
B) 5 kgs
C) 20 kgs
C) 20 kgs
What are the 2 types of explosive materials identified in the note?
Detonating and Deflagrating
In a Deflagrating explosion does the reaction exceed the speed of sound?
No, in a Detonating explosion the reaction exceeds the speed of sound
What is the most common accidental cause of explosion?
Natural Gas and air following a gas leak
When are ALL explosives considered at the greatest risk of detonation?
Whilst being subjected to heat
Many explosives are sensitive to shock or friction and what else identified in the note? (3)
1) Chemical Reaction
2) Water
3) Grease
The packaging which surrounds the explosives will influence the speed of the reaction. Metal boxes will lead to what type of detonation?
Mass explosion.
Note it is unlikely that any explosive can be extinguished safely when ignited
Fragments from containers involved in an explosion can be propelled great distances and travel at velocities how many times the speed of sound, 2, 3 or 4?
3
What is it in an ‘Initial blast wave’ that can kill without involving any fragments, which are often in the second wave?
‘Over Pressure’ which also traveling at velocities greater than the speed of sound
Does hard cover provide protection from Over Pressure?
Not always as high pressure will wrap around cover because high pressure will always move to a low pressure region.
Anyone standing in line of sight of an explosion with a hard surface behind them will be subject to more or less pressure?
More, double the Over Pressure due to the reflected pressure wave
Domestic fireworks are likely to present a relatively low hazard but can produce a fire ball 100m’s in diameter. How far in meters are they designed to be propelled before the pyrotechnic element discharges?
50 - 100 metres
What does the abbreviation ISO stand for (as in ISO shipment container)?
International Standards Organisation
When do fireworks stored correctly in an ISO shipment container with plenty of space around the fireworks begin to present a significant risk of explosion?
When the container is subjected to heat from a fire
What does the abbreviation NEQ stand for?
The Net Explosive Quantity.
This should be recorded on the ORD following the 7.2 d process
Who are the licencing authority for bulk storage of fireworks:
The Local Authority (LA)
The Health and Safety Executive (HSE)
The London Fire Brigade
The HSE
Where crews find a shop selling/storing fireworks for short periods they should liaise with the local regulatory fire safety team. Should an ORD entry be made for the premises?
Yes and a short term re-inspection planned
Does sporting ammunition used by members of the public holding a gun licence require recording on the ORD?
No as this type of storage poses less of a hazard than exploding aerosol cans. Storage of quantities of black powder however does require an entry.
What is the symbol displayed on the MDT used to signify a Yankee Hazard?
A) A red triangle with a black explanation mark
B) A yellow riangle with a black explanation mark
C) A yellow triangle with a black X
A) A red triangle with a black explanation mark
The IC and driver must consider safe distances for siting appliances on arrival and then there is a list of 9 pieces of relevant information that the IC should gather from the responsible person, can you list 7?
1) Quantity
2) Type
3) Location
4) Storage
5) Separation
6) Involvement
7) Site Plans
8) Fixed FF installations
9) Safety control measures/building design features
The IC may obtain information from what other sources?
Signage and where safe to do so labels and packaging
When should a message be sent from the IC be sent?
A priority message must be sent as soon as the IC confirms that they are involved:
‘Explosives confirmed involved’
Why should no attempt be made to enter a compartment or container where explosives suspected of being heated are stored?
The introduction of fresh air could trigger an explosion
When may Fire Crews be used to move explosives?
To prevent them from becoming involved following a Risk Assessment with advice from competent person
How much black powder do ‘Railway fog signals’ contain (in grams)?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
8 grams
They are only an issue when stored in bulk in metal boxes
What additional advice should be given to members of the public asked to stay indoors be given? (3)
I) Stay away from windows
II) Keep curtains/blinds drawn
III) Remain in the side of building furthest from the incident
Evacuation Routes should utilise what, where possible?
Hard Cover
Prior to opening the doors. What 3 actions are listed in the note for consideration where a fire has impinged an ISO container storing fireworks?
1) Use of TIC
2) Apply water using openings or hatches *it also suggests making alternative openings!!!????!!! Don’t
3) Door opening procedures
Explosives form Hazard Division (HD) 1 within the UN (United Nations) classification system.
There are 6 divisions within the class. HD 1.1 (an article/substance with a mass explosion hazard) to HD 1.6 (very insensitive with no mass explosion hazard)
What type of plate is this UN Division displayed on?
A) Red Diamond
B) Yellow Diamond
C) Orange Diamond
C) Orange Diamond
ADR is a French abbreviation for European agreement on the transport of dangerous goods by road which dates back to 1957
Under the dangerous goods regulations 2009 what are vehicles required to have fixed to the front and rear of the transport unit?
A) Plain Orange plate (rectangular)
B) Plain Yellow plate (rectangular)
C) Plain Red plate (rectangular)
A) Plain Orange Plate (rectangular)
ADR markings have been adopted by Network rail. The train driver will have a manifest of any explosives carried. Where else might IC obtain the information?
Through TOPS (total operations processing system) via control
Buildings fixed ISO containers have a separate type of marking. There are 4 Fire Divisions, 1 being Mass explosion and 4 being Fire no blast match the correct number to the correct shape
1
2
3
4
Diamond
Inverted Triangle
Octagon
Cross
- Octagon - Mass Explosion
- Cross - Non Mass Explosion, fragment producing
- Inverted Triangle - ass fire minor blast or fragment
- Diamond - Moderate fire no blast
Buildings fixed ISO containers have a separate type of marking. There are 4 Fire Divisions, 1 being Mass explosion and 4 being Fire no blast match the correct number to the correct shape
1
2
3
4
Diamond
Inverted Triangle
Octagon
Cross
- Octagon - Mass Explosion
- Cross - Non Mass Explosion, fragment producing
- Inverted Triangle - ass fire minor blast or fragment
- Diamond - Moderate fire no blast
