Collapsed Structures (PN 302) Flashcards
There are 5 natural causes of collapse listed in the note can you name 4?
Earthquake Hurricane Lightning Flooding Subsidence
There are 5 HUMAN causes of collapse listed in the note can you name 4?
Renovation Accidental Impact Arson Terrorist induced Gas explosion
What 2 classes may buildings be divided into?
FRAMED and UNFRAMED
The Steel frames in buildings are made up of:
Stanchions Main beams Secondary beams Roof Spars Tie beams
Which one of these runs vertically?
Stanchions
Concrete frames are Monolithically cast on site, what 3 components of a building frame do they form?
Slabs
Columns
Beams
** There are SIX stages of Rescue remembered using the acronym REPEAT. What does R stand for? **
Reconnaissance and Survey
During the Reconaissance and Survey stage of a rescue information gathering is essential so that a search plan targets areas where people were last seen or known to be. A crew member should be designated to interview escapees, witnesses or those rescued to obtain this information. Which piece of equipment should other crew members consider the use of?
The TIC
Which part of an UNFRAMED building carries the structural load?
The Walls
What are the 3 categories of collapse?
Internal
External
Total
There are 4 types of INTERNAL collapse, name them
Pancake
Lean-to collapse
‘V’ collapse
Tent collapse
** There are 6 stages of Rescue remembered using the acronym REPEAT. What does the 1st E stand for? **
Elimination of utilities
There are 3 types of EXTERNAL collapse, name them
90° angle collapse - MOST DANGEROUS
Curtain fall collapse
Inward/Outward collapse
** There are 6 stages of Rescue remembered using the acronym REPEAT. What does P stand for? **
PRIMARY surface search and rescue - IC must appoint sector commanders and Safety Officers and then small groups grid search using corden tape to identify areas searched and areas that may contain casualties. Historicaly half of casualties that survive are rescued near the surface but SECONDARY collapse is a real danger to searchers.
In London who are the 3 local authorities that have full powers to deal with structures which may become dangerous
1) The City Corporation
2) The ‘INNER’ London Borough Councils
3) The ‘OUTER’ London Borough Councils
They will appoint a Dangerous Structures Engineer
** There are 6 stages of Rescue remembered using the acronym REPEAT. What does the 2nd E stand for? **
EXPLORATION of voids and spaces
Removal of debris to access voids mainly based on regular periods of silence and listening
If a building becomes dangerous as a result of fire a message is to be sent to the LOC who will notify a Dangerous Structure Engineer for the district concerned. What does LOC stand for?
LONDON OPERATIONS CENTRE contacted via control
** There are 6 stages of Rescue remembered using the acronym REPEAT. What does A stand for? **
ACCESS by selected debris removal.
The scale of building collapse can vary greatly and may involve:
Major Incident procedure Terrorist related incident procedure Fires and HAZMAT procedure Civil Disturbance Procedure Radioactive substances procedure
Which 2 agencies may therefore require the LFB to preserve evidence?
The Police
The HSE
** There are 6 stages of Rescue remembered using the acronym REPEAT. What does T stand for? **
TERMINATE by general debris removal
- NGO’s may offer assistance following publicity surrounding such events. These offers should be directed to the OOD. But who will ultimately make the decision as to whether this help is taken? *
The Duty Assistant Commissioner
These are usually protracted incidents and so plans should be made accordingly. There are 17 hazards that may cause injury to personal during rescues listed. Can you name 9?
1) Obstructed Access
2) Restricted Vision (dust etc)
3) Underfoot conditions
4) Falling Objects
5) Overhanging Hazards
6) Airbourn Particulates
7) Oxygen deficiency
8) Secondary Collapse
9) Weight of Casualty
10) Bulk and Weight of Debris
11) Explosive/Flammable atmospheres
12) Poor Lighting
13) Biological Hazards
14) Utilities
15) Asbestos
16) Sharps
17) Secondary devices (terrorism)
The IC should establish an RVP, PPE required and restricted zones at an early stage and consider requesting the following:
USAR Advisor (UA)
Dangerous Structure Engineer
Specialist Teams from partner agencies
What does USAR stand for?
Urban Search and Rescue
When inside buildings personnel should move close to standing walls but should they force open doors or windows?
No as they may have become load bearing during the collapse
There are 5 specialist skills the LFB USAR team can offer to an IC that are listed in the note. Can you name 3?
1) Mapping and Planning
2) Technical searches
3) Breaching and breaking into voids
4) Shoring
5) Lifting and Moving
Crews must be kept to a minimum, safety officers appointed, an emergency team established and crews must be rotated regularly. But what 2 things must also be communicated to all personnel on scene.
1) An evacuation signal
2) An Assembly Point
