IFR.2.9 Holdings Flashcards
What’s a holding?
By what is it protected?
Procedure to make 360º over a point or navaid.
Protected by MOC
What’s the MHA?
Does it differ from MSA?
What happens if the MHA is not on the map?
Minimum Holding Altitude.
Yes, due to procedures and MOC.
When MHA is not pictured on the chart, the MHA will be the MSA.
What types of holdings are there?
Standard Turn: turning to the right
Non-Standard Turn: holding will be turning to the left.
What parts does a holding have?
- Inbound leg
- Outbound Leg
- Holding fix or navaid
How many types of holdings do we have according to where we start the turn from the outbound to the inbound leg?
- Based on standard time
- Below 14000 ft: 1 minute, starting abeam the navaid or with wings level, whichever occurs later
- Above 14000 ft: 1:30 minutes: Starting abeam the navaid or with levelled, whichever occurs later.
- Based on a distance DME
What’s the standard rule for making wind corrections?
Outbound leg shall be adjusted by adding double the time of what remains, or by substracting half of what is over, above the standard inbound minute.
What’s are the 3 procedures of holdings depending on our headings towards the point or navaid?
- Flase or Parallel
- Teardrop
- Direct
How do we determine our heading?
Depending on our heading and inbound radial.
Check if holding is standard or non-standard
If our heading is +/- 5º between the margin of 2 sectos, we can choose the better option for us.
IFR.2.9.1.1 False or Parallel
What are the steps for this procedure?
Coming from Sector 1
1 Proceed into the navaid or fix. When we are over navaid/fix, turn into our outbound heading and take the time
2 After 1 minute, turn into the protected area of the holding (left in stadard holdings or right in non-standard holdings) to join the inbound course or radial. If within 30 seconds we cannot make the interception, we will proceed straight into the station. Once over the station we will follow the normal holding pattern.
IFR.2.9.1.2 Teardrop
What are the steps for this procedure?
Coming from Sector 2
- Proceed into navaid/fix.
- Over the navaid/fix, turn 30º away with the inbound course heading towards the inner part of the holding pattern
- Maintain this heading for 1 minute, taking the time when wings are levelled on the teardrop pattern
- After 1 minute, turn (right if standard, left if non-standard) to intercept inbound course and if within 30’’ we cannot intercept, fly directly to the navaid/fix
- Passing the fix start the normal holding pattern
IFR.2.9.1.3 Direct
What are the steps for this procedure?
Coming from sector 3
Fly directly to navaid or fix
After passing navaid/fix, the first turn is to the outbound leg in order to start the normal pattern
What’s the heading correction formula on holdings?
WCA on Outbound = 3 x WCA
What’s the bank angle / rate of turn in a holding?
25º or at a rate of 3º per second, whichever requires the lesser bank
IFR.2.9.4 Holding Protection and Margins
Minimum holding altitude clearance: 300m (984 ft) from the higher obstacle and 600m (1969 ft) over high terrain or in montainous areas.
Buffer area: 5NM beyond the boundary of the holding area
Significant obstacles in the buffer are taken into consideration when determining the MHA
