IFR.2.12 Departure Procedure Flashcards
What are the most important items for the pilot during the Preflight procedure?
Acft status
- Registration
Deferred items - TLB (Technical Logbook)
- Airworthyness:
- Deferred Maintenance List
- TLB
- Inoperative instruments
Acft Documents
- Documents on board
- CoAirworthiness
- Flight Manual
- CoRegistration
- Acft Radio Licence
- TLB
- CoRelease
- ARC (airworthiness review certificate)
-Pilot documents:
- Weight and Balance IFR.2.12.1.3B
- Pilot Licence and Medical License
What do we do for the route and weather planning?
Route Check
- Departure and destinantion points
- Airways on route
- Do planning based on that
- MAA, Grid MORA
- Check route with Eurocontrol Systems
Airport Check
- airports that use our plan:
- Departure
- Weather
- TAFORs
- Notams
- Opening Hours airport
- Destination
- Weather
- TAFORs
- Notams
- Opening Hours airport
- Alternate
- If more than 2 hours, check Adequate Airports
If any doubts, check the AIP to be sure info is correct
What’s the Meteorological Minima for the PA34/200T/PA34-220T?
Vis: 5000m
Cloud tops: BKN or OVC at 1500 ft
Corsswing: 17kts
You must have a copy for the departure, destination, and alternate of:
- TAFORs
- METARs
What do we check on the weather check?
Once we have the documents mentioned above, we will do a briefing about the meteorological conditions enroute:
- Download&print latest weather enroute report from AMA (Aemet) or T4 Significant Charts and see the Significant weather on our route:
- CB
- Altitude of Freezing Point (Freezing level)
- Tb or icng areas
- mnt waves
- Thunderstorms
- CAT
- Check SIGMETs
What’s the Enroute details and Minima briefing?
Enroute airways
- Odd or Even
- Min altitude on airway
- Max altitude in the airway
- If crossing mountains:
- how we will proceed in case of failure in most critical point
- how to get out of critical terrain and proceed to suitable aerodrome
What are the Performance and Planning Documents?
Fuel Planning
- Trip Fuel
- Diversion Time (alt airport)
- Contingency 5% or 5 mins whichever is higher
- 45 mins of Holding Time
- 20 minutes of Approaches
Mass and Balance
Performance: check performance data of origin, destination and alternates
-Ground performance
- TODA
- TORA
- TORR
- ASDA
- LDA
- LDR
- Airborne performance
- Climb Gradient
What’s a clearway?
area beyond runway
not less than 152m (500ft) wide
centrally located about the extended centre line of the rwy, and under the control of the airport authorities
What’s a stopway?
Area beyond t/o rwy
no less wide than rwy
able to support acft during a RTO without causing structural damage to the acft
designated by airpot authorities to be used in decelerating the aeroplane during a rejected take-off
What’s TORA?
Take-Off Runway Available
Distance from point on sfc of aerdm at which acft can commence t/o run to the nrst pt in direction of t/o at which the sfc of aerdm is incapable of bearing the weight of the aeroplane under normal operating conditions.
At most aerdromes, t/o run available is the length of the rwy from thrshld to thrshld
What’s the TODA?
Take-Off Distance Available
T/o run available plus any clearway
(TORA + clearway
If no clearway, then TODA = TORA
What’s the ASDA?
Length of T/O run available plus any stopway
TORA + stopway
If no stopway: ASDA = TORA
What’s the TODR?
Take-Off Distance Required
Greates of the following three distances:
- All engines operating: horizontal distance travelled, with all engines operating, to reach a screen height of 35ft multiplied by 1.15
- One engine inoperative (dry runway). Horizontal distance from BRP (break release point) to the point at which the acft attains 35 ft, assuming the critical power unit fails at VEF
One engine inoperative (wet rwy). Horizontal distance from BRP to the point at which the acft attains 15ft, assuming the critical power unit fails at VEF on a wet or contaminated hard surface, achieved in a manner consistent with the achievement of V2 by 35ft
What’s the TORR?
Take-Off Runway Required
Total gross distance from the start of t-o run to the pt at which VLOF is reached, plus one half of the gross distance from VLOF to the pt at which the acft reaches 35ft, all factored by 1.15 to obtain the net TORR
What’s the LDA?
Landing Distance Available:
Dist from pt on sfc of aerdrome above which acft can commence its landing.
What’s the LDR?
Landing Distance Required
Ldg dist rqd on a dry rwy for dest and altrnt aerodromes, from 50 ft to a full stop, it musn’t exceed:
- 60% of LDA for turbojet acft
- 70% of LDA for turboprop acf
What’s the TOLD sheet?
It’s a sheet attached to the POH chapter
Details about performance:
TODR
TODR + 50ft height
ASD
LDR on dep (in case of return)
Landing Distance + 50 ft Screen Height on dest aerodrome
Performance with Engine Out and Flaps and Gear Down in ft/min
What values must the pilot check in the TOLD sheet?
LDR of alternate airports
What’s Eurocontrol ATFCM?
ATFCM (Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management) is a service complementary to ATC whose objective is to optimise traffic flows according to air traffic control capacity while enabling airlines to operate safe and efficient flights.
On the ATFCM there are some important references to make an IFR flight into IFPS (Eurocontrol area)
What’s EOBT?
Estimated Off-Blocks Time
Time set by the person who files the Flightplan.
It is the time when the pilot must be ready for aircraft start-up
What’s TOBT?
Target Off-Blocks Time
When the EOBT is updated setting a delay.
When the PIC or reponsible sets a delay on the FPL the EOBT changes to TOBT
What’s TSAT?
Target Start Up Approval Time
Set by ATC or A-CDM systems
Must be the same or higher than EOBT/TOBT
Usually set when airport is expecting a lot of operations and need to delay operations to keep a safe management.
PIC will not be able to request a start-up clearance until TSAT time if it has been assigned by ATC to a flight.
What’s the Taxi Time?
Set by ATC or A-CDM systems
Signed automatically to your flight.
Parking+traffic, rwy assigned for dept
What’s the CTOT?
Calculated T-O time
Set by ATC or A-CDM system
Sum of EOBT/TOBT/TSAT (whichever is higher) and the Taxi Time
It is the most important for pilot and ATC, this is the time you’ll be cleared for take-off.
What’s a Eurocontrol Slot?
Any acft flying into IFPS airspace in IFR can obtain a Slot.
They are times that regulate the flow of traffic
Eurocontrol System is called ATFCM, it has info of every FIR located in IFPS Airspaces (Congregates All European Airspaces plus third countries out of Europe)
What happens when your flight has been regulated by ATFCM?
Regulation will change your CTOT.
ATC will communicate your new CTOT and normally the TSAT will be aligned.
CTOT - Taxi Time = New TSAT
What if you are ready before your new regulated TSAT?
You can send a Ready MEssage, or REA.
How does this procedure work?
Request REA message to ATC
ATC sends message to ATFCM System
If this airspace has not been covered, ATC will clear you for immediate start-up and your CTOT will be improved.
How can you avoid having your CTOT regulated?
Look for routes or altitudes that are not regulated. You must file a flight plan again on the system for an ATFCM check
What do you need to be careful about?
Not filing twice, hence, you should cancel your first flight plan and do another once your CNL has been accepted by Eurocontrol.
What’s the Preflight Briefing?
After the Preflight Documentation, the student will make to the instructor a Briefing of the flight planned
Most Important Items:
Acft status
Meteo on dept, dest, altnt and enroute
Route, possible obstacles, altnts selected and flight level planned
Check if route is validated on Eurocontrol and ATC flight plan is accepted
Notams affecting the flight
Fuel on Board, endurance and technical use of fuel
Performance required for a depture, destination and alternate aerodrome
Mass and balance, and possible limitations
What are the departure procedures?
First phase of flight from Taking off until reaching the cruise altitude or joining of the airway to complete the route until destination
Most common procedures:
SID
Radar Vectors
Visual Dept and change to IFR when PIC is ready to change (ZFPL)
3 procedures for returning to the origin airport in case of any malfunction:
EOSID (Engine Out Standard Instrument Departures)
Radar Vectors
Visual Approach
What’s a SID?
Standard Instrumental Departure
Designated instrument flight rule (IFR) departure route linking the aerodrome or a specified rwy of the aerodrome with a specified significant point, normally on a designated ATS route, at which the enroute phase of a flight commences
When are radar vectors?
When no SID are published on the airport, or by ATC for traffic separation
Provided by ATC before takeoff
Normally it is an instruction on the ATC Initial Clearance
These radar vectors are headings that the PIC must follow, and ATC will guide the airplane to reach the first point in the route
What’s a visual departure and change to IFR?
Following VFR rules, and when the PIC is ready, report to ATC: change to IFR
What’s a EOSID?
Engine Out Standard Instrument Departure
Airlines have the EOSID published for every rwy on every airport over the world
They are very complex to design, as they are defined based on OACI DOC.8168 Vol II
For traineed, EOSID can be designed by PIC basing the nav always above the MSA, and on a fast way to return back to the airport
What happens to Radar Vectors in case of Failure after Takeoff?
If we have any failure that requires us to return to the airport of origin, the PIC can request radar vectors to ATC
ATC can give you vectors to complete approach following an ILS, VOR, RNAV procedureW
What’s the most important check for the pilot?
Acft can never fly below MSA altitudes unless it is following a published procedure (STAR, ILS…)
How’s the visual approach in case of Failure after Take-off?
If we have a failure on takeoff, we can fly a visual approach directly to the airport. This option is the fastest, but PIC must always have the rwy or terrain in sight.
