IBD Flashcards
1
Q
What are the types of IBD?
A
- ulcerative colitis
- crohn’s disease
- ideterminate colitis
- coeliacs disease
- pseudomembranous colitis
- diverticulitis
- appendicitis
2
Q
What is ulcerative colitis?
A
- superficial inflammatory changes in colon starting at rectum and continuing up colon at variable lengths
- appears with pseudopolyps and ulcers
3
Q
What are the clinical signs of ulcerative colitis?
A
- iron deficiency anaemia
- raised inflammatory markers
- dehydration
4
Q
What is Crohn’s disease?
A
- inflammatory changes anywhere in GIT resulting in discrete, focal ulcerations called skip lesions
- full thickness inflammation
- terminal ileitis
5
Q
What are the clinical signs of Crohn’s disease?
A
- anaemia
- raised inflammatory markers
- dehydration
6
Q
What is a complication of Crohn’s?
A
- inflammation can travel to adjacent organs and cause fibrosis
- can create fistulas
7
Q
What are the extraintestinal manifestations of IBDs?
A
- inflammatory anthropathies (of joints)
- erythema nodosum (Crohn’s)
- pyoderma gangrenosum
- primary sclerosing cholangitis (UC)
- iritis/uveitis
- aphthous stomatisis (mouth ulcers)
8
Q
What are the clinical differences between UC and Crohn’s disease?
A
UC:
- mucoid, bloody diarrhoea
- tenesmus (crampy rectal pain)
Crohns:
- abdo pain worse after eating
- watery diarrhoea
9
Q
What are the pathological differences between UC and Crohn’s?
A
UC:
- only colon and continuous
- affects only mucosa
- broad based ulcers
- no mesentery involved or fistulas
Crohn’s:
- mouth to anus
- skip lesions
- transmural linear ulcerations
- thickened mesentery and fistulas present
10
Q
What are the histological differences between UC and Crohn’s?
A
UC:
- shortened crypts
- crypt abscesses
- no villi involvement
- no granulomas
Crohn’s:
- shortened crypts
- villi atrophy
- granulomas present
11
Q
What is the association between cancer and IBD?
A
chronic inflammatory changes to cells leading to dysplasia and increased risk of colonic carcinoma (more common in UC)
12
Q
What are the different types of diagnostic uncertainty?
A
- indeterminate colitis
- IBD unclassified
