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MD3002 GI/GU/Renal > Abdominal Wall 2 > Flashcards

Abdominal Wall 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin and insertion of quadratus lumborium?

A

Origin:

  • inferior border of 12th rib
  • transverse processes of L1-4 vertebrae

Insertion:

  • iliolumbar ligament
  • iliac crest
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2
Q

What is the action and nerve supply of quadratus lumborium?

A

Actions:

  • pulls down 12th rib to help descent of diaphragm during inspiration
  • lateral flexion of vertebral column

Nerve supply: T12-L4

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3
Q

What muscle fascia constitutes the lateral arcuate ligament?

A

quadratus lumborium

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4
Q

What is the origin and insertion of psoas major?

A

Origin:

  • transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
  • bodies of T12-L4 and IV disks

Insertion:
- lesser trochanter

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5
Q

What is the action and nerve supply of psoas major?

A

Actions:

  • flexion of thigh
  • flexion of trunk
  • lateral flexion of vertebral column

Nerve supply: L1-3

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6
Q

What is the origin, insertion and nerve supply of psoas minor?

A
  • origin: bodies of T12-L1
  • insertion: pectineal line and iliopectineal line
  • nerve supply: L1
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7
Q

What is the origin and insertion of iliacus?

A

Origin:

  • iliac fossa
  • iliac crest
  • anterior sacroiliac ligament

Insertion: lesser trochanter

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8
Q

What is the action and nerve supply of iliacus?

A
  • action: flexion of thigh

- nerve supply: femoral L2-4

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9
Q

What divides the msucular and vascular compartments at the groin and what is contained in them?

A
  • divided by femoral sheath
  • muscular compartment: transmits psoas major and iliacus muscles, and femoral nerve
  • vascular compartment: transmits femoral vessels
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10
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral canal?

A
  • anterior: inguinal ligament
  • medial: lacunar ligament
  • posterior: pectineus or pectineal ligament
  • lateral: femoral vein
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11
Q

Discuss femoral hernias

A
  • femoral ring is a weak area often associated with abnormal protrusion of abdominal organs into femoral canal
  • more common in females
  • pubic tubercle can be used to distinguish whether hernia is femoral or inguinal
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12
Q

Which of the spinal roots are motor and sensory?

A
  • anterior: motor

- posterior: sensory

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13
Q

What spinal nerves supply the muscles of the abdominal wall?

A
  • T7-12
  • L1
  • L1 contributes to iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
  • nerves pass between internal oblique and transversus abdominis to enter rectus sheath
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14
Q

What supplies the epigastrium and what pain is referred here?

A
  • T6-7

- stomach and oesophagus

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15
Q

What supplies the umbilicus and what pain is referred here?

A
  • T10

- appendix, gonad, and small intestine

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16
Q

What supplies the pubic region and what pain is referred here?

A
  • T12

- lower colon, bladder and uterus

17
Q

Describe the clinical anatomy of herpes zoster

A
  • varicella zoster virus can be reactivated and cause shingles
  • a rash can form along the course of a dermatome
  • remains painful until rash has gone
18
Q

Describe the lumbar plexus

A
  1. iliohypogastric (L1)
  2. ilioinguinal (L1)
  3. geniofemoral (L1,2)
  4. lateral femoral cutaneous (L2,3)
  5. Obturator (L2,3,4)
  6. femoral (L2,3,4)
  7. to lumbosacral trunk
19
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the posterior abdominal wall

A
  1. intercostal arteries
  2. lumbar arteries (from abdo aorta)
  3. superior epigastric arteries (from ITA) - descends behind rectus abdominis in rectus sheath
  4. inferior epigastric arteries (from external iliac) - on medial side of deep inguinal ring
  5. superficial epigastric arteries (from femoral)
  6. superficial circumflex iliac arteries (from femoral)
  7. deep circumflex arteries (from external iliac)- laterally parallel to inguinal ligament
20
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the posterior abdominal wall

A
  • accompany arteries to all eventually drain to:
  • femoral and external iliac veins inferiorly
  • internal thoracic and axillary veins superiorly
  • superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac veins can drain to proximal end of saphenous vein
  • para-umbilical veins connect system through umbilicus to portal veins in liver
21
Q

What is caput medusae?

A

a network of dilated veins surrounding the umbilicus.

22
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the superficial posterior abdominal wall?

A

Anterior:

  • above umbilicus to anterior axillary nodes
  • below umbilicus to superficial inguinal nodes

Posterior:

  • above iliac crests to posterior axillary nodes
  • below iliac crests to superficial inguinal nodes
23
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the deep abdominal wall?

A
  • drained by vessels alongside epigastric vessels
  • superiorly to parasternal to mediastinal nodes
  • inferiorly to external iliac to para-aortic nodes
24
Q

How can a psoas abscess occur?

A
  • psoas muscle and sheath arise from lumbar vertebrae but also IV disks between vertebrae
  • infection can arise and spread into muscle sheath within muscle and sheath and appear below inguinal ligament as mass

MD3002 GI/GU/Renal (64 decks)

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