History Taking: GU Flashcards
Define:
- dys
- an
- oli
- poly
- dys: pain
- an: none
- oli: small
- poly: many
Urinary questions
- dysuria?
- nocturia?
- macroscopic haematuria? (can be seen on urine dipstick)
- polyruia? (more than 2.5-3L in 24hrs)
- oliguria?
- anuria?
- terminal dribbling?
- hesitancy?
- incomplete emptying?
What are some causes of oliguria or anuria?
- obstruction (suprapubic pain with intense desire to pee)
- hypovolaemia (dehydration)
- acute kidney injury or renal failure
What are the different types of incontinence?
- stress: sphincter weakness that causes small leak of urine when intra-abdominal pressure rises
- urge: detrusor instability, strong desire to pee and rush and go
- overflow: outflow obstruction, leak small amounts and distended bladder palpable
- neurological: loss of sensation which can cause lack of control
What are the associated symptoms you should discuss?
- vomiting
- fever
- malaise
- anorexia
- weight loss
- fatigue
- lack of energy
What is pyelonephritis?
kidney infection that has begun as UTI but traveled up one or both kidneys
What symptoms are indicative of an enlarged prostate?
- slow flow
- hesitancy
- incomplete emptying
- dribbling
- nocturia
What are some symptoms of a UTI?
- dull ache in flank (side of body)
- polyuria to anuria
- some causes can be tumour, stricture or calculi (a stone)
What are some symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction?
- hesitancy
- poor stream
- terminal dribbling
- sense of incomplete emptying
- possible retention
What are the key symptoms to enquire about in a male reproductive history?
- urinary symptoms
- abdo pain
- systemic upset
- urethral discharge
- testicular pain
- testicular lumps
- joint, eye or GI symptoms
- ulcers/warts
- itch
- smell
- rash
- fertility
- partners
What is testicular torsion?
when testicles rotate causing spermatic cord to twist
What are the key symptoms to enquire about in a female reproductive history?
- urinary symptoms
- abdo/pelvic pain
- systemic upset
- dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
- dysmenorrhea (painful periods)
- menhorrhagia (abnormally heavy/prolonged periods)
- inter-menstrual bleeding
- post-menopausal bleeding
- post-coital bleeding
- vaginal dryness
- itch
- smell
- rash
- possibility of pregnancy?
- fertility
- partner
- smear history
What is amenorrhoea?
- when there is no period by age of 14 and absence of secondary sexual characteristics
- when there is no period by 16 and other features develop normally
What is classed as premature menopause?
before 40 years old
How would you note down a patient’s last period on their notes?
x/y
x = usual length of each period
y = number of days from the stat of 1 period to the next
