I can't pee

Question 1

What is hypovolaemia? And what are some symptoms?

Answer 1

Hypovolaemia can occur rapidly and can be mild to severe, depending on the fluid loss.

Characteristics include: acute weight loss, decreased skin turgor, oliguria, concentrated urine, postural hypotension, weak rapid heart rate, flattened neck veins, increased temperature, decreased CVP, cool clammy skin, thirst and clamps

Question 2

Signs and symptoms of Hypovolaemia Shock

Answer 2

Anxiety or agitation
Cool, clammy skin
Confusion
Decreased or no urine output
General weakness
Pale skin colour (pallor) 
Rapid breathing
Sweating, moist skin
Unconsciousness

Question 3

Hypervolemia

Answer 3

Hypervolemia may be related to simple fluid overload or a disruption in the body’s homeostatic mechanism for regulating fluid balance. Contributing factors may include heart failure, renal failure, and cirrhosis of the liver. Clinical manifestations include oedema, distended neck veins, crackles on auscultation (when listening to chest), bradycardia, hypertension, increased central venous pressure (CVP and increased weight, shortness of breath, wheezing and increased urine output

Question 4

Assessing hydration status?

Answer 4

Skin turgor 
Presence of oedema
Urinary output
BP, TPR 
Fluid balance

Question 5

What sort of IV fluid is most likely to be chosen for a client with hypovolaemia? Why?

Answer 5

Normal saline (sodium chloride) as it is hypotonic (has a low pressure)