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Nursing Term 2 > Body system homework worksheet part 2 > Flashcards

Body system homework worksheet part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? Symptoms and treatment?

A

(musculoskeletal) Carpal tunnel syndrome is a painful disorder of the hand caused by pressure on nerves that run through the wrist. Symptoms include:
- Numbness
- pins and needles
- pain (especially at night)

Treatments are:

  • rest
  • splinting
  • surgery
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2
Q

What is Tendonitis? Symptoms and treatment?

A

(musculoskeletal) Tendonitis is inflammation of a tendon; symptoms include:
- pain (Particularly when using force on the effected area)
- swelling

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3
Q

2 Age related changes to the musculoskeletal system?

A
  1. From about age 30, the density of bones begins to diminish in men and women. As a result, bones become more fragile and are more likely to break, especially in old age.
  2. Cartilage inside joints also becomes thinner, and components of the cartilage become altered, which may make the joint less resilient and more susceptible to damage.
  3. Loss of muscle (sarcopenia) is a process that starts around age 30 and progresses throughout life. In this process, the amount of muscle tissue and the number and size of muscle fibers gradually decrease.
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4
Q

What is arthritis? Two symptoms?

A 
Medical condition that damages the body's joints, causing discomfort and pain. 
Symptoms:
- pain
- swelling
- redness and heat
- stiffness or reduced movement
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5
Q

Lateral Epicondylitis (tennis elbow)

A

Painful condition of the elbow caused by overuse.

  • pain on outer part of the elbow, that gets much worse through activity
  • Weak grip strength
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6
Q

What are some things that can go wrong in the musculoskeletal system?

A 
Arthritis 
Tendonitis 
Epicondylitis
Ligament Sprain
Osteoporosis 
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Fractures
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7
Q

What is Heart Failure? Symptoms?

A 
Heart failure is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the heart is unable to maintain a strong enough blood flow to meet the body's needs. It usually develops over many years. 
Symptoms include:
- chronic tiredness
- reduced ability for physical activity
- shortness of breath
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8
Q

What is heart muscle disease? (cardiomyopathy)

A 
A type of progressive heart disease in which the heart is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened. As a result the heart muscles ability to pump blood is less efficient. 
Symptoms include:
- Weakness and fatigue
- Shortness of breath 
- Chest pain
- Heart palpitations
- Fainting attacks 
- High blood pressure
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9
Q

What are 2 age related changes to the cardiovascular system?

A
  • The natural pacemaker (SA Node) loses some of its cells as we age, which may result in a slightly slower heart rate
  • The heart (especially the left ventricle) also gets a little bigger in some people as they age. The heart wall thickens so the amount of blood that the chamber can hold decreases. The heart may fill more slowly.

Abnormal rhythms (arrhythmias) are also more common in older people.

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10
Q

Problems that can occur in the Cardiovascular system?

A
  • Heart attack
  • Coronary artery disease
  • Arrhythmias
  • Heart Failure
  • Heart valve disease
  • Cardiomyopathy
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11
Q

What is supraventricular tachycardia? (SVT) symptoms?

A

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is defined as an abnormally fast heartbeat. It’s a bread term that includes many forms of heart rhythm problems that originate above the ventricles in the atria or AV node.

Symptoms include:

  • A fluttering in your chest
  • Rapid heart beat and palpitations
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fainting or near fainting
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12
Q

What is angina? Symptoms?

A

A type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. Angina is a symptom of coronary artery disease.

Symptoms include:

  • Squeezing, pressure or pain in the chest
  • Nausea
  • Fatigue
  • Shortness of breath
  • Dizziness
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13
Q

What are problems that can occur in the endocrine system?

A
  • Diabetes
  • Graves Disease
  • Addison’s Disease
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Metabolic Syndrome
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14
Q

What is Graves disease? Symptoms?

A 
(Endocrine) Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism. With this disease, your immune system attacks the thyroid and causes it to make more thyroid hormone than your body needs. 
Symptoms include:
- Fast, irregular heartbreat
- Frequent bowel movements or diarrhea
- goiter
- Heat intolerance
- nervousness or irritability
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15
Q

What is Addison’s Disease? Symptoms?

A

(Endocrine) Addison’s disease is an uncommon disorder that occurs when your adrenal glands produce too little cortisol and, often, too little aldosterone.

Symptoms include:

  • Extreme fatigue
  • Weight loss and decreased appetite
  • Darkening of the skin (hyperpigmentation)
  • Low blood pressure
  • Salt craving
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16
Q

2 Age related changes to the Endocrine system

A
  • Oestrogen levels decrease in women and Testosterone levels decrease in men
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone increases
  • Parathyroid hormone increases
17
Q

What is Diabetes? Symptoms?

A

Diabetes refers to a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood sugar (glucose). Symptoms include:

  • Increased thirst
  • Frequent urination
  • Extreme hunger
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Presence of ketones in the urine
18
Q

What is hypothyroidism? Symptoms?

A

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is not able to produce enough thyroid hormone. Symptoms include

  • Fatigue
  • Weakness
  • Weight gain
  • Coarse, dry hair
  • Dry, rough pale skin
  • Hair loss
19
Q

What are some things that can go wrong in the Urinary System?

A
  • UTIs
  • Kidney stones
  • Enlarged prostate
  • Incontinence
  • Kidney infections
  • Kidney stones
  • Cystitis
  • Urethritis
20
Q

What is urethritis?

A

Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra. Symptoms include

  • Feeling the frequent or urgent need to urinate
  • Difficulty starting urination
21
Q

What is Cystitis? Symptoms?

A

Cystitis is an infection in the bladder. Symptoms include

  • A strong, persistent urge to urinate
  • A burning sensation when urinating
  • Passing frequent, small amounts of urine
  • Urine that appears cloudy
22
Q

What are some age related changes in the urinary system

A
  • Blood vessels supplying the kidneys can become hardened. This causes the kidneys to filter blood more slowly.
  • The bladder wall changes. The elastic tissue becomes tough and the bladder becomes less stretchy. The bladder cannot hold as much urine as before.
  • Bladder muscles weaken
23
Q

What is renal calculi? Symptoms?

A

Kidney stones (or renal calculi) are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys.
Symptoms
- Severe pain in the side and back, below the ribs
- Pain that radiates to the lower abdomen and groin
- Pain that comes in waves and fluctuates in intensity
- Pain on urination
- Pink, red or brown urine

24
Q

Urinary incontinence? Symptoms?

A

Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine. Symptoms include:

  • involuntary urination from coughing, sneezing or laughing (stress incontinence)
  • The urge to urinate from a sudden change in position, or hearing water (Urge incontinence)
  • Constant dripping of urine from the urethra (Overflow incontinence)
25
Q

What are some problems that effect the respiratory system?

A 
Asthma
Chronic Bronchitis 
Emphysema
Cystic Fibrosis
Pneumonia
26
Q

What is asthma? Symptoms?

A

Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and produce extra mucus.
Symptoms include:
- Shortness of breath
- Chest tightness or pain
- Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing

27
Q

What is Bronchitis? Symptoms?

A

(respiratory) Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes. Symptoms include:
- Cough that brings up mucus
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing
- A low fever
- Chest tightness

28
Q

Age related changes to the respiratory system?

A
  • Decreases in peak airflow and gas exchange
  • Decreases in vital capacity (The maximum amount of air that can be breathed out following a maximum inhalation)
  • Weakening of the respiratory muscles
  • Decline in the effectiveness of lung defence mechanisms.
29
Q

What is Emphysema? Symptoms

A 
In people with Emphysema, (a lung condition), the alveoli are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the alveoli weaken and rupture - creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones. This reduces the surface area of the lungs and, in turn, the amount of oxygen that reaches your bloodstream. 
Symptoms: 
- Shortness of breath 
- Dizzyness
- Inability to focus 
- Cyanosis
- Avoiding physical exercise
30
Q

What is Pneumonia? Symptoms?

A

Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the alveoli. Symptoms include:

  • Cough with phlegm or pus
  • Fever
  • Chest pain when breathing or coughing
  • Confusion or changes in mental awareness (in adults age 65 or over)
  • Nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea

Nursing Term 2 (26 decks)

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