Exam Study 1 Endocrine system 3

Question 1

Endocrine system function?

Answer 1

The endocrine system is a network of glands in your body that makes the hormones that help cells talk to each other. They’re responsible for almost every cell, organ, and function in your body.

Question 2

Hypothalamus

Answer 2

The hypothalamus is an organ that connects your endocrine system with your nervous system. Its main job is to tell your pituitary gland to start or stop making hormones.

Question 3

Pituitary gland

Answer 3

This is the endocrine system’s master gland. It uses information it gets from the brain to tell other glands in the body what to do. It makes many important hormones, including the growth hormone; prolactin, which helps breastfeeding moms make milk; and luteinizing hormone, which manages oestrogen in women and testosterone in men.

Question 4

Pineal Gland

Answer 4

The pineal gland makes a chemical called melatonin that helps your body get ready to go to sleep.

Question 5

Thyroid gland.

Answer 5

This gland makes thyroid hormone, which controls the metabolism. If this gland doesnt make enough (hypothyroidism), everything happens more slowly. Your heart rate might slow down. You could get constipated. And you might gain weight. If it makes too much (hyperthyroidism), everything speeds up. Your heart might race. You could have diarrhea. And you might lose weight without trying.

Question 6

Parathyroid.

Answer 6

This is a set of four small glands behind your thyroid. They play a role in bone health. The glands control your levels of calcium and phosphorus.

Question 7

Thymus

Answer 7

This gland makes white blood cells called T-lymphocytes that fight infection and are crucial as a child’s immune system develops. The thymus starts to shrink after puberty.

Question 8

Adrenals.

Answer 8

Best known for making the “fight or flight” hormone adrenaline (aka epinephrine) these two glands also make hormones called corticosteroids. They affect your metabolism and sexual function, among other things.

Question 9

Pancreas

Answer 9

Makes the hormones insulin and glucagon. These ensure you have the right amount of sugar in your bloodstream and your cells.

Question 10

Ovaries

Answer 10

In women, these organs make oestrogen and progesterone. These hormones help develop breasts at puberty, regulate the menstrual cycle, and support a pregnancy.

Question 11

Testes

Answer 11

In men, the testes make testosterone. It helps them grow facial and body hair at puberty. It also tells the penis to grow larger and plays a role in making sperm.

Question 12

Triiodothyronine and thyroxine

Answer 12

Produced in the thyroid, help control the metabolism of the body. Also regulate weight, determines energy levels, and internal body temperature.

Question 13

Insulin

Answer 13

Hormone released by pancreas. Allows body to use glucose or sugar from carbohydrates in the food for energy or to store glucose for future use. It helps in keeping blood sugar levels from getting too high.

Question 14

Oestrogen

Answer 14

Hormone released by the ovaries. Responsible for the menstruation, menopause, and maturation of the reproductive system.

Question 15

Progesterone

Answer 15

Produced in the ovaries, the placenta when a woman gets pregnant, and the adrenal glands. Stimulates and regulates various functions. Also plays an important role in maintaining pregnancy. It helps the body prepare for conception, pregnancy and regulates the monthly cycle. When pregnancy doesn’t occur, Progesterone levels drop and menstrual cycle occurs. It also plays a role in the sexual desire.

Question 16

Prolactin

Answer 16

Hormone released by the pituitary gland which assists in lactation. Levels rise during pregnancy.

Question 17

Testosterone

Answer 17

Male sex hormone. An anabolic steroid by nature which helps in building body muscles. In males it plays an important role in the development of male reproductive tissues; testes and prostrate. It also promotes secondary sexual characteristics like increasing the mass of muscles and bones, growth of body hair etc. If testosterone is secreted insufficient in men then it may lead to abnormalities including frailty and bone loss.

Question 18

Serotonin

Answer 18

Mood-boosting hormone found mostly in the digestive system. Associated with learning and memory, regulating sleep, digestion, regulates mood, and some muscular functions.

Question 19

Cortisol

Answer 19

Hormone produced by the adrenal gland. Helps you stay healthy and energetic. Its main role is to control physical and psychological stress. In dangerous conditions it increases heart rate, blood pressure, respiration etc. At stressful times it is secreted by the body to cope with the situation.

Question 20

Adrenaline/epinephrine

Answer 20

Hormone produced in the adrenal gland, as well as some of the central nervous systems neurons. Triggers fight or flight response, triggers blood vessels to contract to re-direct blood toward major muscle groups, including the heart and lungs. The body’s ability to feel pain also decreases as a result of adrenaline.

Question 21

Growth hormone or Somatotropin hormone

Answer 21

Hormone synthesised in the pituitary gland. Stimulates growth, cell reproduction, cell regeneration and in boosting metabolism.

Question 22

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 22

Pancreas doesn’t create any insulin

Question 23

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 23

Pancreas creates some insulin