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Nursing Term 2 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Ph acidic vs basic ranges?

A

Lower than 7 is acid
Higher than 7 is basic(alkaline)
7 is neutral

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2
Q

What is chemistry?

A

A scientific discipline concerned with the atomic composition and structure of substances and the reactions they undergo.

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3
Q

Potential Energy?

A

Stored energy

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4
Q

Kinetic Energy?

A

Energy in motion

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5
Q

Chemical Energy?

A

A form of potential energy stored in chemical bonds eg: ATP

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6
Q

Electrical Energy?

A

A form of energy that results from the movement of charged particles

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7
Q

Radiant or electromagnetic energy?

A

Energy that travels in waves eg: X-rays, radio waves, microwaves

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8
Q

Sodium Symbol

A

Na

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9
Q

Chloride Symbol

A

Cl

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10
Q

Magnesium Symbol

A

Mg

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11
Q

Phosphorus Symbol

A

P

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12
Q

Iodine Symbol

A

I

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13
Q

Potassium Symbol

A

K

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14
Q

Calcium Symbol

A

Ca

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15
Q

Iron Symbol

A

Fe

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16
Q

Phosphate Symbol

A

PO43

17
Q

Bicarbonate Symbol

A

HCO3

18
Q

What is chemical bonding?

A

The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by its outermost electrons. Chemical bonding occurs when the outermost electrons are transferred or shared between atoms.

19
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

A chemical reaction is when chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed.

20
Q

What causes a chemical bond?

A

Electrons experience a force of attraction from both nuclei. This negative - positive - negative attraction holds the two particles together. This attraction is called a chemical bond: One pair of electrons constitutes ONE bond.

21
Q

What is an Ionic Bond

A

When atoms gain or lose electrons during bonding, they are no longer balanced and charged particles called ions result.

  • Negative charged ions = anions
  • Positive charged ions = cations

Symbols are used to show ions eg: Na+, Cl-

22
Q

What is a Covalent Bond

A

A covalent bond forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. This results in a molecule

23
Q

Molecules and compounds

A

A molecule is formed when two or more atoms chemically combine to form a structure that behaves as an independent unit.
A compound is a combination of two or more different atoms (Ie: Glucose = 6 Carbon, 12 hydrogen, 6 Oxygen [C6H12O6])

24
Q

Chemical Reactions and 3 types

A

Atoms, ions, molecules or compounds interact to form or break bonds - called a chemical reaction. The 3 types of reactions are:

  • Synthesis
  • Decomposition
  • Exchange
25
Q

Synthesis Reaction - anabolic

A

When two or more reactants (substances in the reaction) combine to form a larger more complex product.

26
Q

Decomposition reaction - catabolic

A

Reactants are broken down into smaller, less complex products

27
Q

Exchange reactions - displacement

A

A combination of synthesis and decomposition
CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 = H + HCO3
Carbon Dioxide + Water = Carbonic Acid = Hydrogen + Bicarbonate ion
Regulation of pH balance

28
Q

Chemical reaction rate factors: (3)

A

Concentration
The greater the concentration of the reactants the faster the rate of the reaction

Temperature
The rate of reactions (generally) increases with temperature

Catalysts
A catalyst increases the rate of reactions eg: in the body enzymes are catalysts

29
Q

What is a salt?

A

A salt is a compound consisting of a positive ion and a negative ion. Salts are formed by the reaction of an acid and a base.

30
Q

Inorganic chemistry

A

Deals with substances that do not contain carbon

31
Q

Oxygen

A

An inorganic molecule, two oxygen atoms bound by a covalent bond

Approximately 21% of the atmosphere is oxygen

Humans require oxygen for energy to be extracted from food

32
Q

How is carbon dioxide produced?

A

It is produced when food molecules are metabolised within the cells. It is then transferred to the lungs and exhaled, and becomes toxic if allowed to accumulate.

33
Q

Main symptoms of Carbon Dioxide Toxicity

A

Central

Drowsiness, sweating, heart, muscular, tremor, shortness of breath

34
Q

Water

A

Many important roles

  • Stabilizing body temperature
  • Provides protection
  • Facilitating chemical reactions
  • Transporting substances
35
Q

Organic chemistry and 4 major groups of organic compounds

A

Carbon has the ability to form covalent bonds with other atoms. This makes it possible to form large, diverse, complicated molecules

Four major groups

  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic Acids

Nursing Term 2 (26 decks)

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