Body System Worksheet Homework Flashcards
What is IBS, some symptoms and treatment?
Irritable bowel syndrome - Condition where the colon muscle contracts more often than in people without IBS. Certain foods, medicines, and emotional stress are some factors that can trigger IBS. Symptoms include: Abdominal Pain and Cramps Excess Gas Bloating Alternating constipation and diarrhoea
Treatment:
Avoid caffeine
Increase fibre intake
Minimize stress.
What are gallstones? Symptoms and treatment?
Gallstones are solid particles that form from bile cholesterol and bilirubin in the gallbladder. Cholesterol stones are the most common; making up 80% of gallstone problems in the US. They form when there is too much cholesterol in the bile and are most common among middle aged overweight females. Usually there are no symptoms, but if they become lodged in one of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the small intestine, symptoms can include:
- Severe and sudden pain in the upper right abdomen and possibly extending to the upper back
- Fever and shivering
- Severe nausea and vomiting
- Jaundice
- Clay coloured stools or dark urine
Treatment include:
- surgery to remove the stones
- medications to dissolve the stones.
What are 2 signs and symptoms of constipation?
Passing fewer than 3 stools per week
Having hard or lumpy stools
What is Celiac disease? Symptoms and treatment?
Celiac disease is a disorder in which eating gluten triggers an immune response in the body, causing inflammation and damage to the small intestine.
Symptoms include: Diarrhoea Bloating Gas Fatigue Weight loss and Anemia
Treatment is really just avoiding gluten completely.
What are 2 age related changes that occur with the gastrointestinal system?
- As we age, peristalsis can slow down, causing the food to spend more time in the large intestine. This increases the amount of water absorbed and can cause constipation.
- The muscles in the oesophagus can slow down with age, potentially causing problems with swallowing.
- An increase in medication use can cause digestive problems. For example, some common medications can cause constipation, such as calcium channel blockers.
What are some common problems that can occur in the gastrointestinal system?
IBS (Irritable bowel syndrome) Gallstones Constipation Celiac disease Diarrhoea Acid reflux
What is Meningitis? Symptoms and treatment?
Meningitis (effecting the nervous system) is a serious disease in which there is inflammation of the meninges, caused by viral or bacterial infection. (the meninges is the membranous coverings of the skull and vertebral canal) is Symptoms include:
Intense headache and fever
Sensitivity to light
Muscular rigidity
Treatment includes:
For Bacterial meningitis
- IV Antibiotics, sometimes IV corticosteroids
For Viral meningitis
- bed rest
- plenty of fluids
- over-the-counter pain meds
What is epilepsy? Symptoms and treatment?
Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual behaviour, sensations, and sometimes loss of awareness.
Symptoms include:
- Temporary confusion
- A staring spell
- Seizures
- Loss of consciousness or awareness
Treatment includes:
- Anti-seizure medication
- Sometimes brain surgery, removing the part of the brain that’s causing seizures
What are some age related changes that effect the nervous system?
- The brain gradually loses neurons and brain cells, a process which speeds up at around age 60.
- There is also an increase in cholesterol content in the ageing spinal cord, which may potentially impair cord function.
- The hippocampus also loses a significant amount of neural tissue with age, which has an effect on memory and the acquisition of new skills.
What is a stroke?
at least 2 symptoms
There are two types of stroke: Ischemic, which is the most common, where clots form in the brains blood vessels and block blood flow.
And Hemorrhagic , when a blood vessel in the brain breaks or ruptures, resulting in blood seeping into brain tissue.
Symptoms include:
- Weakness or numbness of the face, arm, or leg on one side of the body
- Loss of vision or dimming in one or both eyes
- Loss of speech
- Sudden, severe headache
- Loss of balance
What is Parkinsons? Symptoms
Parkinsons is a condition that effects the nervous system that effects the dopamine-producing neurons in a specific area of the brain called “substantia nigra.”
Symptoms develop gradually, but include:
- Tremor in hands
- Bradykinesia (slowness of movement)
- Limb rigidity
- Gait and balance problems
What is cellulitis? Symptoms and treatment?
Cellulitis is a bacterial infection in the deeper layers of the skin, which develops quickly and rapidly throughout the body.
Symptoms include:
- Red and swollen area of the skin, which feels hot, painful and tender to the touch (Most commonly in legs but can occur anywhere)
Treatment:
-antibiotics
What is melanoma? Symptoms and treatment?
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer which usually occurs on parts of the body that have been overexposed to the sun.
Symptoms:
- changes to the appearance of a mole (colour, size, shape, elevation, itching)
- new moles
Treatment:
- burning mole away
- surgery to remove any part of the body the cancer has spread to
Age related changes to the integumentary system
- Age spots - flat spots on the skin with more pigment than the surrounding area, can be caused by prolonged exposure to the sun. Cause no symptoms.
- Slowed down healing in the skin (speed of healing takes twice as long in an elderly person as in a young adult)
- Decline in glandular activity, which results in a reduction of the secretion of sebum. Perspiration production also declines, resulting in dry and flaky skin.
Burns: symptoms and treatment
Symptoms of burns include:
- pain and red skin (first degree)
- pain, redness, swelling and blistering (second degree)
- white or blackened, charred skin which may be numb (third degree)
Treatment includes:
aloe vera - (1st degree)
antibiotic cream (2nd degree)
skin grafts and IV antibiotics (3rd degree)
