hypothyroidism

Question 1

what is hypothyroidism?

Answer 1

an under active thyroid gland resulting in decreased production in T3/T4 hormones

Question 2

what is the primary/intrinsic cause of cause of hypothyroidism?

Answer 2

primarily attributed to the dysfunction of the tyroid gland itself

Question 3

describe intrinsic malfunction of the tyroid gland

Answer 3

this could be intrinsic antibody damage or viral damageleading to the destruction of thyroid cells

Question 4

what autoimmune conditions cancause the destruction of tyroid cells leading to the dysfunction of the tryroid gland

Answer 4

hashimotos thyroiditis

Question 5

what are the consequences of thyroid cell destruction?

Answer 5

the destruction of the cells can lead to an increased release of thyroid hormone.initialy there is transient hyperthyroidism however prolonged destruction leads to declined hormoneproduction resulting in HYPO-thyroidism

Question 6

what is a treatment of hypothyroidism?

Answer 6

thyroid hormone replacement therapy such as thyroxine

Question 7

regarding the nervous system how does hypothyroidism manifest?

Answer 7

cognitive and developmental delays. severe in children. termed cretinism

Question 8

how does iodine contribute to hypothyroidism

Answer 8

hypothyroidism can result due to inadequate iodine intake.

insufficient iodine leads toimpaired T3 and T4 synthesis

Question 9

hypothalamic or anterior petuitary dysfunction can also lead to hypothyroidism, what might be the cause of this?

Answer 9

infarction, tbi, surgical complications

Question 10

hypothyroidism can lead to the development of goiter which can occur due to what?

Answer 10

insufficient iodine intake or excessive thyroid stimulation

Question 11

what are 2 ways that goiter can present itself

Answer 11

either colloid filled due to iodine deficiency or hypertrophic due thyroid tissue overstimulation

Question 12

hypothyrodism presents with mixedema especially in longterm or severe cases. what is the characterization of mixedema?

Answer 12

puffy facial features, periorbital edema, swelling of the anterior shins, swollen tongue, and deeper voice due to tissue edema affecting vocal

Question 13

why does mixedema coma occur?

Answer 13

it happens due to the innability of the body to compensate for stressors.

Question 14

what does mixedema coma result in?

Answer 14

decreased sympathetic activity and decreased responsivenesx to beta 1- adrenergic receptors

Question 15

what are the results of decreased beta 1 adrenergic receptor sensitivity results in what?

Answer 15

reduced heart rate, contractility, vasoconstriction, cardiac output and blood pressure

Question 16

what metabolic changes happens due to mix edema

Answer 16

decreased glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and basal metabolic rate

Question 17

what are some symptoms of mix edema?

Answer 17

decreased apetite, weight gain, decreased heat production, and decreased fat metabolism

Question 18

mixedema is characterized by dough like edema, which exhibits persistent indentions upon pressure due to the accumulation of ________ in the tissues?

Answer 18

glycosaminoglycans GAGs

Question 19

the accumulation of GAGS lead to what?

Answer 19

osmotic water retention, resulting in swelling aroung the face, mouth, and neck