Heart Failure Flashcards
Cor-pulmonale
Refers to the right sided heart enlargement and failure resulting from pulmonary hypertension
How does hypercapnia and hypoxia contribute to for-pulmonale
It contributes to pulmonary vasoconstriction which exacerbates pulmonary hypertension
What is pulmonary hypertension
An elevated bp in the arteries of the lungs which increases the workload of the right ventricles
Why do we hear very little about right heart failure
It is not as common and often related to specific pathologies
What pathologies are often associated with right heart failure
Valvular disorders, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism, right ventricular infarction, and most commonly due to left heart failure
Why do we talk more about left heart failure?
Because it is caused by common things such as HTN,CAD,AMI,left sided valvular conditions, cardiomyopathies
What is systolic heart failure
The left ventricle has a decreased and weak contraction with every heartbeat
What does systolic heart failure result in physiologically?
Less blood is pumped out into the systemic circulation ie. there is a decrease in SV and an increase EDV
What is stroke volume dependent on?
Preload, contractility, and afterload
A decrease in stroke volume results in a decrease in what?
Ejection fraction
What is systolic heart failure caused by?
CAD, AMI, and cardiomyopathy
Why is there an increase of EDV in systolic heart failure
Because the heart is unable to pump out blood effectively there is a decrease in stroke volume. This results in left over blood in the ventricle by the end of diastole
Diastolic heart failure
The ventricle has difficulty relaxing and filling with blood during diastole
Why does the ventricle have a hard time filling with blood during diastole (diastolic heart failure)
Because the ventricles are stiff which leads to a decrease in EDV
What happens to the ventricular pressure in the ventricles
The left ventricle pressure increases which causes a fluid backup which can enter into the lungs
Due to increased pressure in the left ventricle, fluid gets backed up into the lungs. What is this called?
Pulmonary congestion
What are the consequences of diastolic heart failure
Reduced chamber space and reduced compliance
What is lusitrophy
Rate of myocardial relaxation, a reduction of this can cause diastolic heart failure
How can severe Anemia contribute to Diastolic Heart Failure
Because anemia results in a low oxygen carrying capacity, this increases the workload onto the heart; increased HR and CO which can result in hypertrophy and exacerbate conditions
How can hyperthyroidism contribute to Diastolic heart failure
An overactive thyroid gland, increases thyroid hormone in the blood which increases CO, HR, and BP = increased workload on the heart
How can Pregnancy contribute to diastolic heart failure
To support the fetus and meet the moms metabolic demands, there is an increase in blood volume, HR and CO = increase on hearts workload
What are cardiomyopathies?
Conditions that lead to structural and functional abnormalities which results in all type of heart failure
What are co-morbidities of heart failure
- diabetes
- sleeping disorders
- COPD
- Anemia
- chronic kidney disease
- arthritis
