Hypothalamic - pituitary peptide hormones

Question 1

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
is a releasing and ??? factor/hormone from the ??? that influences anterior pituitary hormonal secretion

Answer 1

inhibiting factor from the hypothalamus

Question 2

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a releasing and ??? factor/hormone from the ??? that influences anterior pituitary hormonal secretion

Answer 2

inhibiting factor from the hypothalamus

Question 3

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is a releasing and ??? factor/hormone from the ??? that influences anterior pituitary hormonal secretion

Answer 3

inhibiting factor from the hypothalamus

Question 4

Somatostatin (AKA: Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) is a releasing and ??? factor/hormone from the ??? that influences anterior pituitary hormonal secretion

Answer 4

inhibiting factor from the hypothalamus

Question 5

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a releasing and ??? factor/hormone from the ??? that influences anterior pituitary hormonal secretion

Answer 5

inhibiting factor from the hypothalamus

Question 6

in women, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates LH and FSH by action on the ??? pituitary

Answer 6

anterior pituitary (i.e goes from hypothalmic region to anterior pituitary)

Question 7

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) travels through the ??? vein to the anterior pituitary

Answer 7

portal vein

Question 8

in men the stimulation of FSH and LH by Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates hormonal secretion from ???

Answer 8

testes

Question 9

the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis involves the CNS and the ??? system adjusting the balance of ??? in response to stress

Answer 9

endocrine system
hormones

Question 10

hypothalamus secretes Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)in response to the activation of the hypothalamic-???-??? axis (stress response)

Answer 10

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Question 11

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) acts upon Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to form corticosteroids from the ??? cortex

Answer 11

adrenal cortex

Question 12

Luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone are both released from the ???

Answer 12

anterior pituitary

Question 13

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is released from the ???

Answer 13

anterior pituitary

Question 14

Growth Hormone, Prolactin, adn thyroid stimulating hormone/thyrotropin (TSH) are released from the ???

Answer 14

anterior pituitary

Question 15

the posterior pituitary is directly regulated by neural input from ???

Answer 15

hypothalamus

Question 16

vasopressin/ADH and Oxytocin are released from the ???

Answer 16

posterior pituitary

Question 17

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone ADH) lowers ??? excretion, increased ??? of the distal tubules and collecting ducts of kidneys

Answer 17

urine excretion, increased water permeability

Question 18

FSH stimulates ??? and sertoli cell function in males and stimulates

Answer 18

spermatogenesis

Question 19

in females, FSH stimulates the growth of granulosa cells in primary ??? follicles and stimulates local estradiol synthesis which stimulates ??? development

Answer 19

ovarian
follicular development

Question 20

LH in males stimulates Leydig cells to synthesise ???

Answer 20

testosterone

Question 21

LH in women initiates ovulation and stimulates the formation of the ???

Answer 21

corpus luteum

Question 22

mineralocorticoids regulate ion retention by ??? eg aldestorone

Answer 22

kidneys

Question 23

glucocorticoids are a corticosteroid from the adrenal cortex that influence blood glucose levels, eg ???

Answer 23

cortisol which increased plasma glucose and aa levels

Question 24

Hypothalamic-pituitary-growth hormone axis: hypothalamus secretes GHRH which activates GH in ???

Answer 24

anterior pituitary

Question 25

Hypothalamic-pituitary-growth hormone axis: hypothalamus secretes GHIH which blocks the release of GH in ???

Answer 25

anterior pituitary

Question 26

TRUE or FALSE: GH stimulates insulin-like growth factor release from liver and other tissues

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

Growth hormone is the primary product of the ???

Answer 27

anterior pituitary gland

Question 28

Growth hormone is synthesised in the ??? from DNA -> mRNA = preproGH mRNA, ribosomes translate mRNA to preproGH protein which then is cleaved to proGH which becomes GH in golgi apparatus

Answer 28

anterior pituitary

Question 29

direct Effects of Growth hormone include metabolic effects such as lipolysis and increase in ???

Answer 29

blood glucose levels

Question 30

acute, direct metabolic effects (not related to growth) of Growth Hormone can occur during high energy demands in the body such as ??? and ???

Answer 30

starvation state and exercise

Question 31

growth hormone long-term, indirect effects (growth-promoting) include the stimulation of insulin-like growth factors which mediates growth of ??? and cell division

Answer 31

bone and cell division

Question 32

Growth hormone receptors are tyosine-kinase associated, monomers with a ??? spanning domain

Answer 32

membrane spanning domain

Question 33

GH binding to receptors activates ??? enzyme

Answer 33

tyrosine kinase enzyme

Question 34

Insulin-like growth factor synthesis occurs predominantly in the ??? and is structurally similar to insulin

Answer 34

liver

Question 35

effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor includes ??? via hyperplasia and hypertrophy

Answer 35

soft tissue growth

Question 36

effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor includes ??? in width and length

Answer 36

bone growth

Question 37

acromegaly refers to the ??? secretion of ??? in adulthood

Answer 37

excessive secretion of GH in adulthood

Question 38

Growth Hormone secretion from anterior pituitary is controlled/regulated by hypothalamic ??? and somatostatin

Answer 38

GHRH