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Physiology yr 2 > Cardiovascular: regulating blood pressure and baroreceptors > Flashcards

Cardiovascular: regulating blood pressure and baroreceptors Flashcards

1
Q

mean arterial pressure (MAP) is important in causing tissue perfusion and creating pressure gradients. eg for brain, when upright, blood pressure in brain is ??? than other sites

A

lower

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2
Q

Central Venous Pressure (CVP) refers to pressure at ??? near right atrium

A

vena cava

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3
Q

MAP must be maintained to ensure all tissue are ???

A

perfused

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4
Q

TRUE or FALSE: the CV system allows flexibility for distributing blood flow, mostly by controlling systemic MAP, therefore change in flow of one bed doesn’t dramatically change other vascular beds

A

TRUE

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5
Q

because CV system allows flexibility of blood flow distribution, changes in one vascular bed doesn’t or does dramatically change other vascular beds?

A

DOESN’T change dramatically

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6
Q

we have a MAP at a high enough level to ensure brain perfusion when standing, very high vascular resistance in ??? and high pressure of MAP needed for glomerular filtration

A

high vascular resistance in the eye

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7
Q

CVP is important for the pressure inside the large systemic veins leading to the right or left side of the heart? this is due to atrial filling

A

right side of heart

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8
Q

CVP affects atrial filling ??? which determines intrinsic contractility

A

atrial filling pressure

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9
Q

High pressure Baroreceptors are found in the arterial or venous systems?

A

arterial systems, especially carotid sinus and aortic arch

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10
Q

low pressure Baroreceptors are found in the venous or arterial system as well as the heart?

A

venous system and heart

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11
Q

Which baroreceptor type focuses on MAP regulation?

A

High pressure baroreceptors

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12
Q

which type of baroreceptor focuses on volume regulation and cardiac filling? (THINK CV)

A

low pressure baroreceptors

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13
Q

baroreceptors in the Carotid Sinus refers to the distensible portion of the internal carotid ???

A

carotid artery

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14
Q

aortic arch is highly compliant and distends with each left or right ventricular ejection?

A

LEFT

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15
Q

baroreceptors are ???-sensitive: the ??? of a vessel distorts the receptor causing afferent nerve impulse via CN IX and CN X

A

baroreceptors are STRETCH-sensitive, the stretch of a vessel distorts

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16
Q

high pressure baroreceptors are located in highly ??? vessels and the receptors are bare nerves

A

compliant/distensible

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17
Q

receptor potential for HP Baroreceptors: input activates the receptor, which activates ion channels and triggers a current = membrane ??? in sensory afferent nerve fibres

A

membrane depolarisation

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18
Q

increased pressure = increased stretch = increased receptor potential for high or low pressure baroreceptors?

A

high pressure baroreceptors

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19
Q

increased stretch = increased receptor potential, causing inward current to repolarise or depolarise the nerve membrane?

A

depolarise

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20
Q

a biphasic response (HPB) is the large ??? depolarisation (dynamic overshoot) which then settles into a modest steady state component of receptor potential

A

large initial depolarisation

21
Q

a Graded response (HPB) is the amplitude and ??? proportional to stretch input

A

frequency

22
Q

TRUE or FALSE a graded response is unlike ‘normal’ action potentials where amplitude = all or nothing as it can mean nothing.

A

TRUE

23
Q

during exercise high pressure baroreceptor sensitivity increases or decreases in proportion to intensity of exercise?

A

decreases

24
Q

TRUE or FALSE: HP baroreceptors can reset after several days which is useful because they can become desensitised if overworked

A

TRUE

25
Q

bradycardia = decreased/slower heart rate. can occur from input of both HPB and ???

A

chemoreceptors

26
Q

Low pressure baroreceptors are located in low pressure sites such as the junction of vena cava and right atrium, right and left ???, right ventricle, ??? arteries, and junction of left atrium and pulmonary veins

A

right and left atria, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries

27
Q

low pressure baroreceptor receptors are bare nerves that fire afferent signals to the ??? they are located on ??? axons of fibres that join CN X

A

medula,
located on afferent axons

28
Q

(LPB) distension depends largely on ??? return to heart. this is because
↑ volume
= ↑ pressure
= ↑ stretch
= ↑receptor potential
= ↑afferent firing
= FULL!

A

venous return to heart

29
Q

LPB help to control ??? volume of blood i.e body fluid/blood volume regulation

A

circulating

30
Q

A-type LPB signal heart rate to the ???

A

brain

31
Q

where are A-type baroreceptors located?

A

on A fibres of afferent axons joining CN X

32
Q

A-type baroreceptors fire with atrial systole (contraction) or diastole (filling)?

A

systole- contraction

33
Q

B-type LPB are most common LPBs and are located on ??? of afferent axons joining CN X

A

B-fibres

34
Q

TRUE or FALSE: B-type LPB are mainly focused in superior only vena cava, but are located in all other low pressure sites

A

FALSE: they are located majorly in superior AND inferior vena cava

35
Q

B-type LPB signal ??? volume and venous return

A

signal circulating volume

36
Q

B-type LPB signal circulating volume and venous return by gradually increasing their firiong of signals during atrial or ventricular diastole?

A

atrial

37
Q

because Central Venous Pressure is the main determinant of right atrial filling, B-type LPB primarily monitor ??? and CVP

A

circulating volume

38
Q

Renal vasodilation: increased renal blood flow caused increased filtration = increased urination = ??? blood volume

A

decreased

39
Q

Tachycardia: increased heart rate causes higher renal blood flow = increased filtration = increased urination = ??? blood volume.

A

decreased

40
Q

Tachycardia is the opposite or the same to HP baroreceptor systems?

A

opposite

41
Q

Bainbridge reflex refers to tachycardia caused by increased ??? return

A

venous return

42
Q

decreased B-type firing due to decreased venous return causes renal vasoconstriction but there is no real impact on ???

A

heart rate

43
Q

renal vasodilation and tachycardia causes atrial stretch = ↑ diuresis = ↓ ???

A

blood volume

44
Q

does atrial natriuretic hormone (ANP) also cause atrial stretch = ↑ diuresis = ↓ blood volume?

A

yes

45
Q

atrial natriuretic hormone is released by atrial ??? in response to ???

A

myocytes in response to stretch

46
Q

atrial natriuretic hormone is a powerful vasodilator or vasoconstrictor? it causes diuresis

A

vasodilator

47
Q

Atrial stretch = ↑ diuresis = ↓ blood volume via inhibition of ??? as atrial stretch afferent signals to medulla (via CN X) synapse with neurons signalling hypothalamus which inhibits input to posterior pituitary gland

A

Anti-diuretic hormone

48
Q

decreased anti-diuretic hormone = increased diuresis which means less ???

A

blood volume

Physiology yr 2 (14 decks)

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