Hydropower Plant pt. 3 Flashcards
1.3 The _______ (Propeller-Type), created in 1913 by professor Viktor Kaplan of Austria, functions on the same principles as a boat propeller.
________ are used. In respect to the propeller’s rotational axis, the water flow that powers the blades enters and departs axially.
This kind of turbine guarantees optimal performance with tiny height fluctuations but also with big capacity variations (200 cubic meters per second and more) since the angle of incidence of the blades is changeable.
Kaplan turbine
Axial Kaplan turbines
Using an excitation system, _____ transform the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy.
hydro generators
The ____, also known as the MIV, is a valve that is installed prior to water entering the hydro turbine’s spiral casing.
Water from the dam travels to the penstock, where it is stopped for minor maintenance in the turbine hall by MIV, an apparatus located in between.
main inflow valve
The alternating current produced by the _____ is changed into a high voltage current by the ______. The hydro power plant’s transformer-derived converted power supply is connected to the national grid, where it is dispersed for usage in residential and commercial settings.
hydroelectric power
electrical transformer
Pascal’s law culminates in ______. This is the point at which mechanical energy is created from hydraulic energy.
A _______, which transforms hydraulic energy into rotary motion and work, or a ______, which transforms hydraulic energy into linear motion and work, can be used to do this.
Similar to hydraulic pumps, there are various subtypes of hydraulic cylinders and motors, each meant for particular design purposes.
hydraulic actuators
hydraulic motor
hydraulic cylinder
In a system, ______ are used to direct, halt, and initiate fluid flow.
_____ are the building blocks of hydraulic valves, which can be operated mechanically, electrically, pneumatically, or by hand.
hydraulic valves
Poppets or spools
Mechanical energy is converted into hydraulic energy by the ______. The transmission medium, fluid movement, accomplishes this.
_____ come in several varieties, such as gear, vane, and piston models. There are several varieties of each of these pumps designed for particular users, like variable displacement vane pumps and bent-axis piston pumps. The basic idea behind all hydraulic pumps is to move fluid volume against a force or load that is resistant.
hydraulic pump
Hydraulic pumps
The hydroelectric unit’s speed and active power are managed by ______.
electro hydraulic governors
Electromechanical devices called _____ are used in canal locks and dams to regulate water flow.
They are employed in the discharge of excess water as well as the transport of water to turbine units. The gates are normally opened and closed by hydraulic systems.
radial (sluice) gates
In hydroelectric power facilities with lengthy water vessels, _____ are used to lessen pressure stresses during the massive water masses’ acceleration.
They are constructed as sporadic water reservoirs near the turbines, either with a closed volume filled with pressurized air or with open access to ambient air.
One way to stop the water hammer effect is to use ____ . Water hammer can damage fittings, joints, and connections, resulting in leaks.
same answer
surge tanks
______ are lengthy pipes or canals that transport water from the reservoir to the powerhouses’ turbines. Steel is typically used to make them.
High-pressure water passes through the penstock. Generally, a sluice is used to regulate the volume of water that passes through the penstock.
A_ ___ is an adjustable gate that controls the amount of water supplied to turbines.
Penstocks
sluice gate
RELEVANCE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Ensurement of the water used in the hydropower plant is of high quality
Monitor and control factors like pH, turbidity, dissolved gasses, and mineral content
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
RELEVANCE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Preventing equipment and pipeline corrosion
Select suitable materials, coatings, and inhibitors to protect the plant’s infrastructure and prolong its operational life
CORROSION CONTROL
RELEVANCE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Designing and implementing chemical treatment programs
Includes preventing scaling, fouling, and microbial growth in water intake systems, turbines, and other equipment through the use of biocides, antiscalants, and corrosion inhibitors
CHEMICAL TREATMENT
RELEVANCE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Ensuring the hydropower plant adheres to environmental regulations concerning water quality, discharge limits, and waste management is crucial.
Monitor and report on environmental parameters and implement measures to reduce the plant’s environmental impact.
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE
RELEVANCE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Optimize plant performance and energy efficiency by identifying process improvements, equipment upgrades, and energy conservation measures.
Troubleshoot water chemistry issues and recommend solutions to enhance plant efficiency.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
ADVANTAGES HYDROPOWER ENERGY
Relies toward the natural water cycle, making it a sustainable and inexhaustible energy source.
. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
ADVANTAGES HYDROPOWER ENERGY
Producing electricity with hydropower does not emit greenhouse gasses or air pollutants, contributing to cleaner air and a reduction in climate change impacts.
EMISSION FREE
ADVANTAGES HYDROPOWER ENERGY
Consistently generate 24/7 electricity and quickly adjust output to meet demand, ensuring a stable and reliable power supply.
AVAILABILITY & RELIABILITY -
ADVANTAGES HYDROPOWER ENERGY
Hydropower facilities can provide water for agricultural irrigation, aiding in local farming and food production.
IRRIGATION SUPPORT -
ADVANTAGES HYDROPOWER ENERGY
Construction of hydropower plants can lead to infrastructure development, including roads and improved access to remote areas.
FAST LAND DEVELOPMENT -
ADVANTAGES HYDROPOWER ENERGY
Complements other renewable energy sources like wind and solar by providing a reliable power supply when these sources are not producing energy.
PAIRS W/ OTHER RENEWABLE SOURCES -
DISADVANTAGES HYDROPOWER ENERGY
Disruption of local ecosystems, fish migration, and alter water quality and flow patterns, leading to potential ecological harm.
ENVIRONMENTAL ADVERSE EFFECT -
DISADVANTAGES HYDROPOWER ENERGY
Suitable sites for new hydropower plants are scarce, as many prime locations have already been developed or are environmentally sensitive.
LIMITED PLANT LOCATION
