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Biomass Energy Flashcards

1
Q

________ a renewable energy form, derives from recently living organic materials, termed biomass.

A

Bioenergy

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2
Q

This resource encompasses various plant- and algae-based materials, including crop wastes, forest residues, and microalgae.

A

Bioenergy

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3
Q

COMMON BIOFUEL SOURCES (7):

A
  • Animal Waste
  • Wood
  • Oil-seed Crops
  • Municipal Solid Waste trash
  • Food Waste
  • Crop Waste
  • Algae Kelp
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4
Q

_________ can be utilized in the manufacturing of bioproducts such as plastics, chemicals, and fertilizers mirroring the petroleum refinery model.

Integrated biorefineries optimize biomass utilization, generating revenue from both biofuels and bioproducts, thereby enhancing economic viability and competitiveness in the bioenergy sector.

A

biomass

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5
Q

According to ______ , the Philippines boasts abundant biomass resources, including agricultural residues, forest residues, animal waste, agro-industrial waste, municipal solid waste, and aquatic biomass.

A

ASEAN Briefing (2017)

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6
Q

Domestic Supply of Biomass in 2020:
Solid Biomass - ___%
Biogas - ___%
Liquid Biofuels - ___%
Municipal Waste- ___%
Industrial Waste- ___%

A
  • 86%
  • 2%
  • 7%
  • 3%
  • 2%
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7
Q

Europe accounted for ___ of all energy from municipal waste. Europe was also the leader in biogas supply accounting for more than half of the global biogas supply.

A

64%

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8
Q

The leading source of biomass energy in the Philippines is

A

FUELWOOD

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9
Q

Biomass contributes significantly to the country’s energy mix, with approximately ____ of energy for the rural population sourced from biomass. This resource potential could drive biomass power projects with over 200MW capacity, primarily catering to residential needs.

Moreover, the Philippines’ agricultural sector, dominated by rice, coconut, and sugarcane, generates vast quantities of biomass residues, offering considerable energy production opportunities

A

30%

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10
Q

2024 LUZON: Weekly Demand, Supply and Operating Margin Profile

Peak Demand Forecast at 13,917 MW to occur in __________ based from the DOE Peak Demand Forecast 2020-2040

A

May 2024

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11
Q

2024 VISAYAS: Weekly Demand, Supply and Operating Margin Profile

Peak Demand Forecast at 2,891 MW to occur in __________ based from the DOE Peak Demand Forecast 2020-2040

A

September 2024

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12
Q

2024 MINDANAO: Weekly Demand, Supply and Operating Margin Profile

Peak Demand Forecast at 2,584MW to occur in ________ based from the DOE Peak Demand Forecast 2020-2040

A

May 2024

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13
Q

Based on different ______ depicting economic, demographic, and technological developments, the
figure offer insights into possible ______ for future energy consumption. A1 and A2 prioritize ______, while B1 and B2 focus more on ____________. Differences in these scenarios lead to varying ______ demands and mixes, influenced by
factors like population dynamics and technological advancements. By ______, total primary energy demand
ranges from about 800 to 1,400 exajoules (EJ), reflecting the potential impact of different development
trajectories on energy requirements.

A

storylines,
pathways,
economic growth,
social and ecological welfare,
energy,
2050

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14
Q

(BIOMASS) FACTORS AFFECTING/DRIVING LOCAL & INTERNATIONAL ENERGY DEMAND

A

● Driving Factors
● Restraining Factors
● Market Segmentation

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15
Q

FAMILIARIZE

Regional Segment Analysis of the Biomass Power
Generation Market

● North America: U.S., Canada, Mexico
● Europe: Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Spain,
Rest of Europe
● Asia-Pacific: China, Japan, India, Rest of
APAC
● South America: Brazil and the Rest of South
America
● The Middle East and Africa: UAE, South
Africa, Rest of MEA

A
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16
Q

Shares of Energy Sources in Energy Consumption, 2022

  • PETROLEUM (36%)
  • NUCLEAR ELECTRIC POWER (8%)
  • COAL (10%)
  • RENEWABLE ENERGY (13%)
    -1.6% geothermal
    - 14.2% solar
    - 18% hydroelectric
    - 29% wind
    - 3% biomass waste
    - 18% Biofuels
    - 16% wood
  • Natural Gas (33%)
A
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17
Q

NGPL

A

Natural Gas Plant Liquids

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18
Q

Break down large biomass feedstock like wood logs, branches, and agricultural residue into smaller, more manageable pieces.

uniform biomass improved efficiency9

A

Biomass Grinders

19
Q

It transports the processed biomass throughout the facility, from storage to the conversion equipment.

A

Biomass Conveyor

20
Q

It break down large biomass feedstock like wood logs, branches, and agricultural residue into smaller, more manageable pieces. (?)

A

Biomass Dryers

21
Q

Burn the processed biomass to produce heat.

A

Biomass Boiler

22
Q

an alternative option of thermal biomass utilisation for the production of heat and power based on biomass or for the production of synthesis gas.

A

Biomass Gasifier

23
Q

Large tanks create a controlled environment for organic material like food waste or manure to decompose anaerobically (without oxygen).

produces biogas

A

Anaerobic Digesters

24
Q

6 Generic Biomass Processing Technologies

A

● Direct Combustion (for power)
● Anaerobic Digestion (for methane-rich gas)
● Fermentation (of sugars for alcohols)
● Oil Exaction (for biodiesel)
● Pyrolysis (for biochar, gas and oils)
● Gasification (for carbon monoxide and hydrogen-rich syngas)

25
The wide range of biomass sources available in nature includes **feedstock characterised by** different ______, _____, ______, ______. The feedstock quality represents a relevant aspect influencing the decision on the most suitable valorisation technology to be adopted. In particular, despite the fact that ***energy recovery efficiency*** should represent the key **driver for the choice**, ***economic competitiveness and market opportunity*** **play the main role** in the commercial development of new technologies and strategies.
chemical compositions, physical status, toxicity, and energy content
26
The energy available in biomass may be used either by _____ as in **combustion**, or by **initial upgrading** into more valuable and useful fuels such as charcoal, liquid fuels, producer gas, or biogas..
direct use
27
FOUR Basic Categories of **Biomass Conversion**
* **Direct combustion** - *most developed sector) * **Thermo-chemical conversion processes** (pyrolysis, gasification) * **Bio-chemical processes** (anaerobic digestion fermentation) * **Physico-chemical** (the route to biodiesel).
28
Local Biomass Power Plant
* **San Carlos BioPower** (bagasse to energy thru combustion ) * **North Negros BioPower** (bagasse to energy thru advanced emminsion control tech) * **Isabela Biomass Energy Corporation** (rice husk to electricity)
29
Future Power Plants
Panay Biomass Energy Project (rice husk) Mindanao Biomass Power Project (coconut husk)
30
Biomass materials such as bagasse, rice husks, and coconut shells are collected, dried, and **prepared for combustion** or gasification.
Feedstock Preparation
31
Biomass is **burned in a boiler** to produce high-pressure steam.
Combustion
32
Biomass is **converted into syngas** through a high-temperature process with limited oxygen
Gasification
33
The heat from combustion or syngas is used to **produce steam** in a boiler.
Steam Generation
34
High-pressure steam is **expanded through turbines**, converting **thermal energy into mechanical energy**
Turbine Expansion
35
The mechanical energy from the turbines drives generators to **produce electricity**
Electricity Generation
36
Waste heat from the process is **recovered** and used to improve overall efficiency
Heat Recovery
37
CHP
combined heat and power
38
RELEVANT ChE PRINCIPLES AND CALCULATIONS * ________: Calculations involve determining the **amount of heat** input (Q_in) and the useful **work output** (W_out). * ________: Understanding the **heat exchange processes** and designing efficient heat exchangers. * ________: Analysis of **temperature changes** across heat exchangers and boilers. * ________: When high-pressure liquid undergoes a **sudden reduction in pressure**, leading to vaporization. * ________: Studying the **expansion of steam** in turbines and its impact on power output.
* Thermal Efficiency * Heat Removal * Thermal Gradient * Flashing Process * Turbine Expansion
39
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS ENERGY ADVANTAGES - Renewable - Reliable - Abundant - Waste Reduction - Carbon-neutral DISADVANTAGES - Expensive - Requires space - Greenhouse gas emissions - Environmental impact - Inefficient
40
ACTUAL APPLICATION OF BIOMASS ENERGY IN THE PHILIPPINES (FAMILIARIZE) According to the **Department of Energy**, the present situation of biomass energy in the Philippines vary from the use of **rice/coconut husks dryers for crop drying**, bagasse as boiler fuel for cogeneration, fuel wood and agriwastes for oven, biomass gasifiers for mechanical and electrical applications, kiln, furnace and cookstoves for cooking and heating purposes. **Supply of Biomass** Based on information from the Department of Agriculture (DA) and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the Philippines could generate substantial volumes of residues which can be utilized as energy fuel. Latest estimates reveal that the country's agriculture sector can potentially produce **271.7** MMBFOE of biomass in 2003, increasing moderately by **1.9 percent annually**. By 2012, biomass supply potential is expected to reach 323.1 MMBFOE (Figure 9). Based on geographical consideration on biomass supply, there is an abundant supply of b**agasse in Regions III, IV, VI and VII**. **Coconut residues abound in Regions IV, VIII, IX and XI** while **rice hulls are abundant in Regions II, III, IV and VI**.
41
Future developments of the energy source Advanced Biofuels
● Advanced Biofuels ● Biogas and Biogas Upgrading ● Integrated Biomass Systems ● Carbon pricing ● Technological Innovations in Biomass Conversion ● Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ● Small-Scale Biomass Systems
42
ISSUES OF BIOMASS ENERGY
* Challenges of the Energy Source * Biomass Availability Issues * Biomass Energy Hazard
43
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
* Deforestation * Environmental Pollution * Utilization of Water * Enhancing the environmental sustainability of biomass

Energy Engineering (10 decks)

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