Hydropower Plant pt. 2 Flashcards by Serrano, Dara Czarina

____ is a reservoir based project. The hydro reservoir capacity is 850 million cubic meter.

Angat Main

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Angat Main (Angat Auxiliary units 1,2) underwent through rehabilitation & modernization during ______.
Angat Main (Angat Auxiliary unit 3)
consists of 1 unit of francis turbing with
GMW nameplate capacity

TOTAL CAPACITY: 218MW
LOCATION:___________

1989-1990

Norzagaray, Bulacan

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SUPPLY SOURCES (INTERNATIONAL)

Three Georges, China
Itaipu, Brazil & Paraguay
Xiluodu, China
Guri, Venezuela
Belo Monte, Brazil
Tucurui, Brazil
Grand Coulee, USA
Xiangjiaba, China
Sayano-sushenskaya, Russia
Longtan, China

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World’s biggest hydropower station (22.5GW)
Conventional impoundment hydropower
facility on Yangtze River
Owned and operated by __________
Construction started in ______, completed in 2012
Cost CNY203bn ($29bn)
181m-tall and 2,335m-long gravity dam
32 turbine/generator units (700MW each)
- 2 x 50MW power generators

Three Georges, China
China Three Gorges Corporation (CTGC)
1993

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Three Georges, China:

6 foreign groups supplied equipment, including ______
Generating units commissioned between 2003 and 2012
Annual power output: 85TWh
Power supplied to _________, Including Shanghai

TOTAL CAPACITY: 22.25GW
PROJECT LOCATION:______ Hubei Province, China

Alstom
9 provinces and 2 cities
Yangtze River

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___________
* The______ and the hydroelectric plant are on the Paraná River.
* The construction of the dam began in ________ and cost $19.6bn.
* The first unit began generating power in May 1984 and the second generating unit started operating the same year.
* Itaipu has 20 generating units, each with a capacity of 700MW.
TOTAL CAPACITY: 700MW
PROJECT LOCATION: Between Brazil and Paraguay

Itaipu, Brazil & Paraguay
Itaipu dam
February 1971

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The ____________, located on the Jinsha River in central Sichuan Province, China.
Has an installed capacity of 13.86GW and features the world first ultra-high concrete double-curvature arch dam.
Has 18 Francis turbine-generator units.
Generates an average of 57.07TWh of power per year, transmitted to consumers through the _______ and ______.

Xiluodu hydropower plant
State Grid and China Southern Power Grid

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The ____ power project, also known as the Simón Bolívar hydroelectric power station, is located in southeastern Venezuela on the _____.
_____________owns and operates the plant.
Construction began in 1963 and was completed in two phases, with the first phase finished in 1978 and the second in 1986.
The power plant consists of 20 generating
units with capacities ranging between
130MW and 770MW.

Guri power project
Caroni River
CVG Electrification del Caroni

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Guri, Venezuela
* Alstom was awarded contracts in 2007 and 2009 to refurbish four 400MW units and five 630MW units, respectively.
* Andritz received a contract in 2007 to supply five 770MW Francis turbines for the powerhouse II of Guri.
* The Guri power station supplies approximately 12,900GW/h of energy for Venezuela.
TOTAL CAPACITY: 10.2GW
PROJECT LOCATION: Orinoco, Venezuela

basahin mo na lang

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___________
* The project is owned by a consortium called _______, which is led by Brazilian federal power utility Eletrobras with a 49.98% interest. Gala Energia e Participações (Gaia) held a 10.2% share in the consortium. In April 2011, Brazilian mining company Vale purchased 9.2% of Gaia’s share in the consortium for $1.4bn.
* First ________ unit began commercial operations in April 2016
* First power fed into the National Interconnected System (SIN) in April 2016
* Full commissioning expected in 2019
TOTAL CAPACITY: 9.38GW
PROJECT LOCATION: Xingu River, Pará state, Brazil

Belo Monte, Brazil
Norte Energia
turbine generator

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Built in two phases, with production starting in 1984

Tucurui, Brazil

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Tucurui, Brazil:
Phase 1 (completed in 1984):
* 78m tall and 12,500m long concrete gravity dam
* 12 generating units with 330MWcapacity each
* 2 auxiliary units with 25MW
Phase 2 (completed in 2010):
* New powerhouse with 11 generating units with 370MW capacity each
* Equipment supplied by Alstom, GE Hydro, Inepar-Fem, and Odebrecht

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Tucurui, Brazil:
Delivers electricity to ______ and surrounding area
TOTAL CAPACITY: 8.37GW
PROJECT LOCATION: ________ in
Tucurui, Para, Brazil

Belém town
Tocantins River

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__________
* Annual generating capacity: over 14TWh
* Consists of _______and a concrete gravity dam (168m tall, 1,592m long)
* 18 Francis turbines rated 125MW and three 10MW additional units in the left and right power houses
* Third power plant consists of three 805MW units and three 600MW units
* Construction started in 1933, with phases completed in 1950 and 1980

Grand Coulee, USA
three power plants

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_______
* 162m-high dam with a crest elevation of 384m
* Reservoir area: 458,800km²
* Reservoir capacity: 5.163 billion cubic metres
* 8 units of 800MW each, with a total annual generating capacity of 20.88kWh (expected to increase to 33.09kWh in future)
* Various structures for flood discharge, diversion, power generation, and ship lift
* All 8 generating units operational since 2019
TOTAL CAPACITY: 6.4GW
PROJECT LOCATION: _____ Provinces, China

Xiangjiaba, China
Yunnan and Sichuan

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Operated by RusHydro, the plant started construction in 1963 and completed in 1978.
The power station has an arch-gravity dam that is 242m tall and 1,066m long.
It consists of ten Francis generating units
with a capacity of 640MW each generating 23.5TWh of energy a year.

Sayano-Shushenskaya

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Sayano-Shushenskaya:
* ________ of the energy generated is delivered to four aluminium smelters in Siberia.
* The plant was temporarily shut down in 2009 due to an accident and reopened in 2010 after the issues were fixed.
* Ten new units with ____________ are planned to be installed at the plant, estimated to cost $1.4bn.
TOTAL CAPACITY: 6.4GW
PROJECT LOCATION: Yenisei River in Sayanogorsk, Khakassia, Russia.

70%
96.6% efficiency

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The ________ project, located on the Hongshui River in Tian’e County, Guangxi, China, is a massive hydroelectric power station that ranks as the 6th largest in Asia.
Nine Francis 700MW generating units, making it a significant source of power
A 216.5m high and 832m wide roller-compacted concrete gravity dam, a marvel of engineering
Ownership and operation by _________, with design by Hydrochina Zhongnan Engineering and construction by Sinohydro

Longtan hydropower
Longtan Hydropower Development

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Longtan, China:
* A construction timeline that began ________, with the first unit commissioned in the same year and full operation achieved in ______
* Turbine generators supplied by renowned companies Volth, Dongfang, Harbin, and Tianjin
* An estimated annual generating capacity of 18.7TWh, making it a substantial contributor to the region’s energy needs
TOTAL CAPACITY: 6.3GW
PROJECT LOCATION: Hongshui River in Tian’s County, Guangxi, China

May 2007
2009

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Highest Capacity of Hydroelectric Power Plants in the Philippines:
Luzon: ___________ Ramon Isabela (MW)
Visayas: __________ Madalag, Aklan
Mindanao: __________ Santiago, Bukidnon

Magat Hydroelectric Power Plant (360MW)
Timbaban Hydroelectric Power Plant (18.869MW)
Manolo Fortich 1 Hydroelectric Power Plant (45.936)

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Total Capacity of Hydroelectric Power Plants in the Philippines:
Luzon: ___________
Visayas: __________
Mindanao: __________

931.241MW
49.517MW
193.13MW

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________ had the largest cumulative renewable electricity with a total of 1,393.8 GW in 2022 (38% of the total renewable energy in 2022), 1411.3 GW in 2023, and it is forecasted to grow upto 1765.9 GW in 2030 (16% of the forecasted total renewable energy in 2030).

Hydropower

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In 2022, the generation of hydroelectricity rose by over ________. With more electricity produced than all other renewable technologies, hydropower is still the most significant renewable energy source. Hydropower maintains an average yearly generation growth rate of around ____ in 2023-2030 to provide about 5,500 TWh of energy annually

70 TWh
4%

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________is the major contributor of hydropower amounting to 34GW from 1991-2000, 137GW from 2001-2010, and 152GW from 2011-2020. provides the largest share of global electricity demand growth in terms of volume, but India posts the fastest growth rate through 2026 among major economies. Following a 7% increase in India’s electricity demand in 2023, we expect growth above 6% on average annually until 2026, supported by strong economic activity and expanding ownership of conditioners.

China

**Global Hydropower Generation**: * also expect ________ to see robust **annual increases in electricity demand of 5%** on average through 2026, led higher by strong economic activity * In the USA, we forecast a moderate increase in demand of ______ in 2024, assuming a reversion to average weather conditions. This will be followed by growth averaging 1% in 2025-26, led by electrification and the expansion of the data center sector, which is expected to account for more than one-third of additional demand through 2026.

Southeast Asia 2.5%

**Local Electricity Generation**: * As of 2023, the Philippines' electricity consumption is predominantly ***reliant on fossil fuels***, with **fossil energy sources** like ________ contributing more than three-quarters of the total electricity generation at 92.65 TWh, which includes coal at 73.23 TWh. The remaining electricity comes from low-carbon sources, totaling about 25.6 TWh. * Comparing this to the global average of 425 watts/person, the Philippines' per capita electricity consumption is significantly lower, leading to potential issues such as limited economic growth, restricted industrial activity, and challenges in improving the population's living standards. Moreover, the heavy reliance on fossil energy exacerbates **environmental issues** such as _________.

coal climate change and air pollution

Local Electricity Demand: The **total electricity consumption** in the Philippines amounted to about ____________ in 2022, indicating an increase from the previous year. Only ____ is contributed by **Hydroelectric Power Plants** in the Philippines to satisfy the demand for the country.

112 TWh 9.08 TWh

Factors that Affect the Energy Demand (9)

1. Economic Growth 2. Population Growth 3. Technological Advancement 4. Cost of Energy 5. Government Policies and Regulations 6. Globalization and Trade Global 7. Climate and Weather 8. Consumer Behavior and Lifestyle Changes 9. Infrastructure Development

Factors that Affect the Energy Demand As countries develop, their industrial activities increase, leading to **higher energy consumption**. Urban areas typically consume more energy due to infrastructure, transportation, and higher standards of living.

Economic Growth

Factors that Affect the Energy Demand **More people** result in greater overall energy consumption

Population Growth

Factors that Affect the Energy Demand **Improvements** in energy efficiency can reduce energy demand despite economic growth

Technological Advancements

Factors that Affect the Energy Demand Higher energy prices can suppress demand, while lower prices can increase consumption.

Cost of Energy

Factors that Affect the Energy Demand **Subsidies, taxes, and incentives** for different types of energy can significantly influence demand

Government Policies and Regulations

Factors that Affect the Energy Demand **supply chains** can influence energy consumption patterns based on production locations and transportation needs.

Globalization and Trade Global

Factors that Affect the Energy Demand Extreme weather events (e.g., heatwaves, cold snaps) can lead to spikes in energy demand for heating and cooling

Climate and Weather

Factors that Affect the Energy Demand Changes in consumer behavior, such as increased use of electronic devices or shifts towards remote work, can impact energy use.

Consumer Behavior and Lifestyle Changes

Factors that Affect the Energy Demand The development of transportation infrastructure, including public transport systems, can influence energy consumption patterns.

Infrastructure Development

The Future: **Hydropower will not be fully consumed**, as it is ____________ will not be replaced by other existing or newly discovered renewables due to the ____________, the industry will **continue to grow and adapt the existing infrastructure** will be modernized and be upgrade significant potential for hydropower emergence in markets and other countries digital technology will be made its way into the industry

semi-infinite continuous demand

Some Significant Technological Development and Advancements

1. Advance Turbines 2. Small and Micro Hydropower 3. Technology that are fish friendly 4. Technology that can sustain water quality 5. Development and improvements of energy storage for hydropower 6. Hybrid Systems

Some Significant Technological Development and Advancements **improving the turbines** used today in order for it to become more efficient, increase energy output with minimum energy input as well as become environmentally sustainable

Advanced Turbines

Some Significant Technological Development and Advancements installation of **small scale hydropower** that can be installed in a variety of locations including remote and off-grid areas

Small and Micro Hydropower

Some Significant Technological Development and Advancements integration of **fish friendly designs** onto technology like turbines that can minimize harm to fishes and other aquatic lifeform.

Technology that are fish friendly

Some Significant Technological Development and Advancements improvement of **sediment management techniques** that can maintain water health and technological designs that can minimize effect on water ecosystems and habitats that are being affected during hydropower installation and operation.

Technology that can sustain water quality

Some Significant Technological Development and Advancements **combining hydropower into batteries**, in order to provide a more reliable and flexible energy supply as well as improve energy distribution.

Development and improvements of energy storage for hydropower

Some Significant Technological Development and Advancements This is the **integration of hydropower with other energy sources** such as solar and wind in order to provide a more reliable, and balanced energy supply.

Hybrid Systems

Government Programs promotes **universal access to modern energy services**, Including hydropower, as part of its sustainable development goals. It facilitates partnerships, mobilizes Investments, and advocates for policy reforms to accelerate progress towards sustainable energy for all.

United Nations Sustainable Energy for All (**SEforALL**) Initiative

Government Programs supports hydropower development projects worldwide**, providing **financing, technical assistance, and policy advice** to client countries. It prioritizes projects with potential for sustainable development, poverty reduction, and environmental protection.

World Bank Group's Hydropower Development Program

Government Programs is a **global association** promoting sustainable hydropower development. It facilitates **knowledge-sharing, best practices, and collaboration** among stakeholders to advance the role of hydropower in meeting global energy needs while addressing social and environmental challenges.

International Hydropower Association (IHA)

Government Programs promotes the widespread **adoption of renewable energy**, including hydropower, to support sustainable development and climate action. It provides policy advice, capacity-building support, and data analysis to governments and stakeholders worldwide.

International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)

Government Programs supports sustainable hydropower development in **Asia and the Pacific through financing**, technical assistance, and capacity-building initiatives. It promotes best practices in environmental and social safeguards, climate resilience, and inclusive developmen

Asian Development Bank's Sustainable Hydropower Development Program

Government Programs is a **tool** for assessing the sustainability of hydropower projects worldwide. It **evaluates projects** based on environmental, social and economic criteria, helping stakeholders make informed decisions and improve project outcomes.

World Wildlife Fund's Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol (HSAP)

Government Programs provides **advisory services and investment support** to hydropower projects in emerging markets. It helps **improve project sustainability**, environmental and social performance, and access to financing.

International Finance Corporation's (IFC) Hydropower Advisory Program

Government Programs is a **certification scheme** that recognizes hydropower projects with high environmental and social standards. It promotes transparency, accountability, and continuous improvement in hydropower development practices worldwide.

Hydropower Sustainability Ecolabel

Government Programs is an **international association** representing the ***interests of the hydropower sector worldwide***. It **advocates for policies and regulations** that support sustainable hydropower development, fosters collaboration among stakeholders and promotes best practices in the industry

Global Hydropower Association (GHA)

Government Programs conducts **research, analysis, and knowledge-sharing activities** to promote the sustainable development of hydropower worldwide. It provides policy advice, technical support, and capacity-building initiatives to member countries.

International Energy Agency's (IEA) Hydropower Program

Government Programs supports **hydropower development in Africa** through research, policy analysis, and capacity-building activities. It aims to harness Africa's vast hydropower potential to promote economic growth, energy security, and sustainable development.

**United Nations Economic Commission for Africa's (UNECA)** Hydropower Development Program

Government Programs is an environmental organization that advocates for the **protection of rivers and communities** affected by large dams and hydropower projects. It campaigns for alternative energy solutions, river conservation, and social justice in hydropower development.

International Rivers Network

Government Programs The ____________ promotes the **conservation of natural and cultural heritage sites** affected by dam construction and hydropower development. It provides guidance, monitoring, and capacity-building support to mitigate the impacts of hydropower projects on World Heritage sites.

World Heritage Centre