Hydropower Plant pt. 1 Flashcards
It uses the natural flow of moving water to generate electricity.
Hydropower
It is one of the largest and oldest sources of renewable energy.
Hydropower
Hydropower currently accounts for 28.7% of total U.S. renewable electricity generation and about 6.2% of total U.S. electricity generation.
Hydropower technologies generate power by using the elevation difference, created by a ____ or ______ structure, of water flowing in on one side and out, far below, on the other
dam or diversion
Given the country’s vast hydropower
potential, more than _____________ of electricity requirements will be supplied by hydropower generation. To meet the expected increase in demand for power over the planning period, a total of ____________of hydropower capcity will be available within both grid and off-grid areas. Committed and indicative capacity additions will increase overall hydropower available capacity to 5,468 MW from the current installed capacity of 2,518 MW
10 percent
2,950 MW
Hydro plants are classified based on their capacities, as follows:
a. micro-hydro
b. mini-hydro
c. large-hydro
a. micro-hydro - 1 to 100 kW
b. mini-hydro - 101 kW to 10 MW
c. large hydro - more than 10 MW.
The total untapped hydropower resource potential of the country is estimated at 13,097 MW, of which 85 percent are considered large and small hydros (11,223 MW), 14 percent (1,847 MW) are classified as ______ while less than 1 percent (27 MW) are considered __________.
Some projects in Luzon are available for private financing, while 20 are undergoing feasibility studies and 82 are in the pre-feasibility stage.
mini-hydros
micro-hydros.
In the Philippines, the most common
hydropower system is set up in____ that store river water in reservoirs. These often placed in remote locations, hold water to help control flooding as well as withstand periodic droughts. When water is released, the turbines turn and spin, generating electricity that is distributed through ____________for domestic and industrial use.
Although not free from _________ and_______________, such as obstruction of fish migration, change in water flow intensity, occupation of important sites and lands leading to the displacement of communities, etc., hydropower is reliable, renewable, and does not release pollutants into the environment.
dams
transmission lines
sociocultural and environmental setbacks
The history of hydropower dates back thousands of years. For example, the Greeks used _________ to grind wheat into flour more thần 2,000 years ago. The evolution of the modern hydropower turbine began in the mid-1700s when a French hydraulic and military engineer, _______________, wrote _____________. Many key developments in hydropower technology occurred during the first half of the 19th century, and more recently, the past century has seen a number of hydroelectric advancements that have helped hydropower become an integral part of the renewable energy mix in the United States.
water wheels
Bernard Forest de Bélidor
Architecture Hydraulique
Hydropower development in the Philippines started in ____ with the first power plant established by missionaries in ________, the ____________________ with an installed capacity of 560 kilowatts.
The private sector continued the development of water resources for power generation until Commonwealth Act No. 120 created the _________________ in 1936. The law nationalized the hydroelectric power industry and reserved for the use of NPC all streams, lakes, and rivers in the country where power may be developed, subject to existing rights.
1913
Baguio City
Camp John Hay Hydroelectric Power Plant
National Power Corporation (NPC)
TYPES OF HYDROPOWER
Impoundment Hydropower
Diversion Hydropower
Pumped Storage Hydropower
this is the most common type of hydropower, which uses a dam to store water in a reservoir. When electricity is needed, the water is released from the reservoir, passing through a turbine to generate electricity.
Impoundment Hydropower
It is also called run-of-river hydropower. This type of hydropower does not use a dam, instead, it diverts a portion of the river flow through a turbine to generate electricity.
Diversion Hydropower
This type of hydropower uses excess energy to pump water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir during off-peak hours. During peak hours, the water is released back to the lower reservoir, passing through a turbine to generate electricity.
Pumped Storage Hydropower
The Philippines has over 20 major hydropower plants, strategically installed to utilize the country’s abundant water resources and varied topography. Key plants include ____ in Bulacan, Ambuklao and _ in Benguet, ____ in Isabela, ________ in Laguna, ________in Nueva Ecija, _____ in Nueva Vizcaya, the _____________ in Lanao, and ________ in Bukidnon. These plants are located in regions with significant river systems and rainfall, ideal for hydroelectric power generation. They serve multiple purposes beyond electricity production, such as irrigation, flood control, and water supply, supporting the Philippines’ goals for renewable energy, rural electrification, and economic development.
Angat in Bulacan, Ambuklao
Binga in Benguet
Magat in Isabela
Caliraya in Laguna
Pantabangan in Nueva Ecija
Casecnan in Nueva Vizcaya
Agus complex in Lanao
Pulangi in Bukidnon
Globally, hydropower is a significant ___________________. The need to build hydroelectric power plants with larger capacities are to meet the rising energy demands and support decarbonization efforts.
source of renewable energy
Major international hydropower plants, like the _________ in China and the _____ on the Brazil-Paraguay border, exemplify the scale and impact of these installations. These plants are strategically located on large rivers with significant water flow to maximize energy production. Innovations in hydropower technology, such as ecologically improved turbines and digitalization, aim to enhance efficiency and minimize environmental
impacts, thus balancing energy production with ecosystem protection. These efforts include using existing infrastructure to reduce costs and integrating sustainable practices to improve ecological outcomes, such as reducing fish mortality and enhancing habitat availability.
Three Gorges Dam
Itaipu Dam
HYDROPOWER:
SUPPLY SOURCES (LOCAL)
- Kalayaan
- San Roque - Agno
- Magat
- Pulangi IV
- Angat Main
● The project is being developed and currently owned by National Power.
● ____________ is a pumped storage project.
● The hydro power project consists of 2 turbines, each with 336MW nameplate capacity.
● The project has 2 electric generators that will be installed at the project site
TOTAL CAPACITY: 769MW
PROJECT LOCATION: Calabarzon, Philippines
Kalayaan Pumped Storage
● The project was developed by San Roque Power. The Kansai Electric Power and Marubeni and currently owning the project having ownership stake of 60% and 40% respectively.
● The gross head and net head of the project are 180m and 150.4m respectively. The penstock length is 1,300m. The penstock diameter is 3.5m. The project generated 1,000 GWh of electricity.
TOTAL CAPACITY: 435MW
PROJECT LOCATION: Ilocos, Philippines
San Roque - Agno
● Scatec, Aboitiz Equity Ventures, JERA, PCD Nominee and Others are currently owning the project having ownership stake of 50%, 26%, 13.5%, 7.5% and 3% respectively.
● The hydro reservoir capacity is 1,080
million cubic meter. The gross head and net head of the project are 88.4m and 81m respectively. Magat underwent through rehabilitation e modernization during 2009-2014. The project generated 755.44 GWh of electricity.
● the project has 4 electric generators
installed at the site.
TOTAL CAPACITY: 388MW
PROJECT LOCATION: Cagayan Valley,
Philippines
Magat
● The project is currently owned by
National Power.
● _____ is a run-of-river project. _______ underwent through rehabilitation & modernization during 2012. The project generated 24.742 GWh of electricity.
TOTAL CAPACITY: 255MW
PROJECT LOCATION : Maramag, Bukidnon
Pulangi IV (same answers per blank)
● ________ is a reservoir based project. The hydro reservoir capacity is 850 million cubic meter. ______ (Angat Auxiliary units 1,2) underwent through rehabilitation & modernization during 1989-1990. ______& (Angat Main Phase 1) underwent through rehabilitation & modernization during 1985-1987. ________ (Angat Main Phase II) underwent through rehabilitation e modernization during 1988-1989.
● ___________ (Angat Auxiliary unit 3) consists of 1 unit of francis turbing with GMW nameplate capacity.
TOTAL CAPACITY: 218MW
PROJECT LOCATION: Norzagaray, Bulacan
Angat Main (same answer per blank)
