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Apparatus Tech > Hydraulics > Flashcards

Hydraulics Flashcards

1
Q

How much head pressure is there in a 1ft column of water

A

.434 psi

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2
Q

Determine the volume of a square (in Gallons)

A

Length x Depth x Width x 7.5

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3
Q

Theoretic flow for 1/2” tip at 50 psi

A

53 GPM

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4
Q

Theoretic Flow for 7/8” tip at 50 psi

A

161 GPM

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5
Q

Theoretic Flow for 1” tip at 50 psi

A

210 GPM

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6
Q

Fire Ground Flows for hand line tips and nozzles @ 50psi

A

1/2” = 50 GPM

7/8” = 150 GPM

15/16” = 185 GPM

1” = 210 GPM

1 1/8” = 250

1 1/4” = 325

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7
Q

Theoretic Flow of 15/16” tip at 50 PSI

A

185 GPM

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8
Q

Theoretic flow for 1 1/8” tip at 50 psi

A

266 GPM

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9
Q

Theoretic flow for 1 1/4” tip at 50 psi

A

328 GPM

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10
Q

Theoretic flow of 1 1/4” tip at 80 psi

A

415 GPM

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11
Q

Theoretic flow of 1 3/8” tip at 80 psi

A

502 GPM

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12
Q

Theoretic flow of 1 1/2” tip at 80 psi

A

598 GPM

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13
Q

Theoretic flow of 1 3/4” tip at 80 psi

A

814 GPM

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14
Q

Theoretic flow of 2” tip at 80 psi

A

1062 GPM

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15
Q

Fixed monitor Smooth Bore Flow and Starting Pressures (Deck Gun) ALL TIPS

A

1 3/8” tip : 500 GPM - starting pressure 110 psi

1 1/2” tip: 600 GPM - starting pressure 110 psi

1 3/4” tip: 800 GPM - starting pressure 110 psi

2” tip: 1000 GPM - starting pressure 120 psi

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16
Q

TFT automatic nozzle flows and pressure

A

@ 90 psi: 500 GPM

@ 110 psi: 750 GPM

@ 120 psi: 1000 GPM

@ 140 psi: 1250 GPM

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17
Q

Akron Adjustable Monitor Flow Nozzle pressures and flows (MASTERSTREAM)

A

100 psi: 500 GPM

110 psi: 750 GPM

130 psi: 1000 GPM

140 psi: 1250 GPM

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18
Q

Definition of friction loss

A

Anything that affects the movement of water

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19
Q

1st principle of friction loss

A

Variables being the same, doubling the length of hose will double friction loss

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20
Q

2nd principle of friction loss

A

Friction Loss varies approximately with the square of the increase in flow

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21
Q

3rd Principle of Friction Loss

A

If Flow remains constant Friction Loss will decrease if the diameter is increased

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22
Q

4th Principle of Friction Loss

A

The velocity of water, NOT PRESSURE, through a hose causes friction loss, the faster you move water (GPM) the more friction loss occurs (psi)

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23
Q

Friction Loss formula COEFFICIENTS

A

1” = 150

1 3/4” = 10 (NFPA 15)

2” = 8

2.5” = 2

3” = .8

4” = .2

5” = .08

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24
Q

Appliance Loss

A

When Flows are over 350 GPM

Any appliance : 10 psi

Ladder Pipes : 25 psi

Stand Pipes: 25 psi

Mercury Monitor : 10 psi

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25
Q

√50

A

7.07

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26
Q

√80

A

8.94

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27
Q

Stream Velocity Formula

A

12.14 x √NP = ft/s

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28
Q

1.75 squared ( Q of 175 GPM)

A

3.06

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29
Q

1.85 squared (Q of 185 GPM)

A

3.42

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30
Q

2.96 squared (Q of 296 gpm)

A

8.76

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31
Q

Friction Loss Formula

A

C = coefficient based on hose diameter

Q = Flow Rate (squared) in hundreds

L= Hose Length in hundreds

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32
Q

JS-10 Flow Patterns

A

Spray or Straight Stream

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33
Q

Portable Foam Eductor

Flow:

Intake Pressure:

Distance from Panel:

Nozzle Height

A

Flows 95 to 125 gpm

Must be pumped @ 200 psi at eductor

At least 50’ from pump panel to avoid turbulence and within 200’ of nozzle

Nozzle cannot be placed higher than 5 ft over eductor

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34
Q

Supply Hose starting pressures

A

4” = 50 psi

3” = 100 psi

If combined they should be charged to min 100 psi

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35
Q

Max achievable discharge pressure

A

150 psi + static Pressure = Max rated pump flow capacity (1500 gpm)

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36
Q

Friction Loss coefficients in multiple supply lines

A

Two 3” lines = .2

One 3” and one 4” = .09

Two 4” = .05

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37
Q

Like Volumes formula

A

[(Static Pressure - Residual Pressure) 100] / Static Pressure

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38
Q

Like Volumes alternate method

A

Calculate 25%, 15% , 10% of static pressure and match the drop between static and residual.

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39
Q

Like Volumes Chart

A

0 - 10% drop = 3 like volumes

10.1% - 15% drop = 2 like volumes

15.1% - 25% drop = 1 like volume

> 25% drop = Less than 1 original amount

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40
Q

Fog Nozzle flows

A

1” adjustable = 12 - 60 gpm

1 1/2 Akron assault = 175 gpm

2 1/2 Akron fog = 125 to 250 gpm

Akron Quick-Attack = 500 gpm

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41
Q

Length, Diameter, Flow and Pressure for booster reels

A

150’ length - 1” thick - 100 psi nozzle - 12 to 60 GPM

Coefficient for friction loss: 150

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42
Q

Decon Shower flow and pressure

A

270 GPM at 75 psi

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43
Q

Piercing Nozzle

A

125gpm @ 100 psi

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44
Q

2 1/2 Bresnan Distributor Nozzle flows and pressure

A

250 GPM

100 psi

(FL per 50ft of 2.5) = 6.25

45
Q

1 1/2 Bresnan Distributor Nozzle

A

95 gpm

50 psi

(FL per 50ft of 1.88) = 4.51

46
Q

2 1/2 Cellar Nozzle flows and pressures

A

350 GPM at 100 psi

(FL per 50ft of 2.5”) = 12.25

47
Q

1 1/2 Cellar Nozzle Flows and Pressures

A

160 GPM

100 psi

(FL per 50ft of 1.88) = 12.8 psi

48
Q

Sprinkler Systems starting pressure and when to charge

A

150 psi

Charge when there is smoke, fire or upon confirmation of working fire

1 line should be connected to FDC and charged

49
Q

Combination Systems should be…

A

Considered as a standpipe and charged immediately upon arrival without orders

50
Q

Minimum supply lines for aerial master streams

A

One 4” line

Two 3” lines

51
Q

Procedures for Drafting

A

Position pumper for side intake

Ensure pump is air-tight

Close tank to pump and tank fill

Switch to RPM mode

Throttle between 1000 to 1200 rpm

Engage Primer until pressure is developed on master gauge

52
Q

Nozzle Reaction Formula

A

Smooth Bore:
1.57 x d(squared) x NP

Fog: .0505 x Q x √NP

53
Q

Max Flows at draft per inlet

A

Front: 900 gpm

Side: 1750

Rear : 1500 to 1750

54
Q

Front Sleeve Size

A

5”

55
Q

Must engage pump gear at this minimum intake pressure

A

50 psi

56
Q

Close Tank To Pump after established water supply

A

For safety reasons

57
Q

Weight and quantity of 1 Cubic Foot

A

7.5 gallons

62.5 lbs

58
Q

Friction Loss in 50 ft of 1.88” hose at 175 GPM

A

15.31 psi

59
Q

Friction Loss in 50 ft of 2.5” hose at 296 GPM

A

8.76 psi

60
Q

Friction Loss in 50 ft of 3” hose at 500 GPM

A

10 psi

61
Q

FL in 2 sections of 3” @ 350 GPM supplying an FDC

A

4.9 psi

62
Q

Friction Loss in 100’ of 4” hose at 350 GPM supplying an engine flowing two crosslays

A

2.45 psi

63
Q

Friction Loss in 50’ of 1.88” hose @ 185GPM

A

17.11 psi

64
Q

Q of 185 GPM

1.85 Squared

A

3.42

65
Q

Q of 350 GPM

3.5 squared

A

12.25

66
Q

Q variable of smooth bore master streams

A

1 1/4 = 4.15² = 17.22

1 3/8 = 5.02² = 25.2

1 1/2 = 5.98² = 35.76

1 3/4 = 8.14² = 66.25

2” = 10.62² = 112.78

67
Q

Smooth Bore Nozzle Discharge Formula

A

29.7 x D(squared) x √NP

68
Q

Definition of hydraulics

A

Study of fluids at rest and in motion

69
Q

How much water is in 50’ of 1.75” hose

A

6.24 gallons

70
Q

How much water is in 50’ of 1.88” hose

A

7.2 Gallons

71
Q

How much water is in 50’ of 2.5” hose

A

12.74 Gallons

72
Q

How much water is in 50’ of 3” Hose

A

18.35 gallons

73
Q

How much water is in 100’ of 4” Hose

A

65.25 gallons

74
Q

How much water is in 100 ft of 5” hose

A

101.94 Gallons

75
Q

Explain centrifugal pump

A

Pump that takes advantage of incoming water pressure entering through the “eye” of the pump which then travels through one or more of the impellers and out through the volute

76
Q

What hoses can be used with the mercury monitor

A

3” or 2” hose

4” shall not be used

77
Q

Maximum inlet pressure for Mercury Monitor

A

150 psi

78
Q

JS-10 Full Name

A

National Foam JS-10 Air Aspirating Nozzle

79
Q

Foam Eductor Flow

A

95 to 125 GPM at 200 psi

80
Q

AKRON Truck Mount Foam System

What kind of system

How is it piped

Starting pressure

A

By-pass Proportioning system.

In-line eductor pre-piped into the front bumper discharge.

Must be pumped at 200 psi

81
Q

Around the pump Foam System

A

Foam solution from all discharges

When being supplied from another source, tank fill must be kept closed

Intake pressure should not exceed 10 psi

82
Q

Husky Foam System

Type of system

% foam injection

how many gpm at what psi

A

Electronic Direct injection system

0.1 to 3%of foam injection to front bumper discharge

3 gpm of foam at 150psi

83
Q

How does a CAFS engine operate

How much water does it carry

How many gallons of Foam A & B

How much % does it reduce water use by

A

Water is mixed with air and class A foam

Holds 750 gallons

40 gallons of class A

40 gallons of class B

Reduces amount of water for effective stream by 25%

84
Q

Fire attack combination with CAFS

Best nozzle for best finished product

A

2/3 water, 1/3 air with a foam application rate of .3%

15/16 smooth bore tip creates best finished product

85
Q

CAFS for overhaul

A

2/3 air, 1/3 water with a class A foam application at .5%

15/16 without slug will create the best finished product for overhaul “gated butt”

86
Q

Disadvantages of using CAFS

A

Hose Lines must be kept cracked open to avoid damage

Pierce recommends only be used in lines up to 250’

Air Compressor can be operated up to 2 hours without overheating

87
Q

Supply Pumpers, Under normal operations, SHOULD NOT?…

A

Gate Down Discharges

88
Q

Discharge Pressure during standpipe operations must be sufficient to

A

Overcome Friction Loss in hose to FDC

Overcome Friction Loss in appliances

Overcome Elevation Pressure

Overcome Friction Loss at the attack line

Provide proper nozzle pressure

89
Q

Why are Relief Valves and Governors used

A

Each Pumper is equipped with a pressure relieve valve or governor to compensate for over pressure or under pressure

90
Q

Why must tank to pump be closed after water establishment
(How does it help the driver)

A

Enables the pump operator to identify loss of water supply immediately

91
Q

Tank fill valves shall be _________ as soon as water supply is established

A

Opened

92
Q

1 ft cubed is how many inches

A

1728 inches cubed

93
Q

How much pressure does a column of water 2.304’ high exert?

A

1 psi

94
Q

1/2 in decimals

A

.5

95
Q

7/8 in decimals

A

.875

96
Q

15/16 in decimals

A

.9375

97
Q

1 1/8 in decimals

A

1.125

98
Q

1 1/4 in decimals

A

1.25

99
Q

1 3/8 in decimals

A

1.375

100
Q

1 3/16 in decimals

A

1.1875

101
Q

(Blitz Line) Friction Loss in 50’ of 2.5” flowing 250 (266 )gpm through a 11/8” SB nozzle

A

6.25 psi fireground

7.07 psi theoretical

102
Q

Friction Loss in 50’ of 2.5” flowing 325gpm (328 bpm ) through 11/4” nozzle

A

10.56 psi fireground

10.75 psi theoretic

103
Q

Determine the volume of a cylinder (in Gallons)

A

V= pi x r(squared) x Depth x 7.5

104
Q

Handlines with smoothbore have a nozzle pressure of 50 psi, to what pressure can they be increased to achieve a higher flow rate

A

65 psi

105
Q

Master streams with a smoothbore nozzle have a pressure of 80 psi but can be increased to ______ psi to achieve higher flow rates

A

100 psi

106
Q

what is a Gutter Line

A

Line run directly from a hydrant to an attack pumper

107
Q

What type of foam concentrate can the JS-10 be used with

A

Low Expansion Foam Concentrates

108
Q

How can you flow foam directly from the onboard tank

A

Place eductor directly above the tank using water from a discharge such as deck gun

109
Q

Upon Loss Of water what shall be done after opening the tank to pump valve and using tank water

A

Notify interior crew and command that they are operating off of tank water

Apparatus Tech (58 decks)

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