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Geography > Human paper section C question 3 (paper 2) > Flashcards

Human paper section C question 3 (paper 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

what are resources

A

a stock or supply of something that has a value or a purpose

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2
Q

how are resources distibuted in the world

A

they are unevenly distributing and consumption is uneven

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3
Q

why is the demand for resources increasing

A
  • increasing population
  • economic development
  • over consumption in HICs
  • less LICs = consume more
  • climate change
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4
Q

what will help the increasing demand for resources

A
  • technogoly - can find more resource
  • globolisation - increasing interconnection of globe
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5
Q

define malnurished

A

when someone eats less than 2000cal a day

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6
Q

define undernutrition

A

poorly balanced diet

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7
Q

why is food important for the social and economic well-being of an idividual

A

economic = a measure of how much money people have to sustain
social = social comfort of an individual for economic, ohychological, spiritual status

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8
Q

give some statistics on food discomfort

A
  • 1 billion people dont eat enough
  • 1 in 9 cannot get enough food
  • 1/3 of world is malnurished
  • HICs waste $750B in food
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9
Q

name two illness’s associated with under-nutrition

A
  • kuashiorkor
  • morasmus
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10
Q

state 2 potential causes of water scarcity in the globe

A
  • physical (Saudi Arabia) - deserts
  • economic (brazil) - high population
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11
Q

why is water important for the socail and economi well-being of an individual

A
  • stops dehydration
  • dehydration = too ill to work
  • no water = cannot grow food
  • no hydroelectric power avaliable
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12
Q

which region is execcted to experience the greatest increase in energy consumption

A

Asia

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13
Q

explain one reason why Asia is likely to experience the greatest growth in energy consumption

A

population increase means higher demand on same energy rate

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14
Q

what are some statistics on energy consumption

A
  • richest 1B consume 50% and poorest consume 4%
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15
Q

define energy sercurity

A

reliable energy for whole population (produced themselves)

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16
Q

define energy insecurity

A

consume more energy than produced = import lots of energy, large populaiton = huge demand

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17
Q

why does the UK import so much food

A
  • huge population increasing
  • import 40% of food
  • cheaper to get food abroad
  • variety and choice
  • seasonality is an issue = hugh food miles
  • we cannot grow the food we want to eat
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18
Q

what are the environmental impacts of importing so much food

A

food is flown in by plane = expensive, lots of air miles + carbon footprint

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19
Q

what are food miles

A

distance travelled from farm to shop

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20
Q

what is meant by the term carbon footprint

A

the smount of CO2 produced as a result of daily activities

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21
Q

what are the economic impacts of importing so much food into the UK

A
  • increases the UK’s trade deficit
  • reduces self-sufficiency = vulnerable to global market fluctuations
  • it also harms local agriculture and food industries = job losses
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22
Q

how do LICs benefit from supplying the UK with food produce

A
  • the UK pay higher prices for food as we cannot grow it
  • eg Kenya
  • farmers only earn 12% of what Uk pays - most goes to supermarkets & transportation
  • economic leakage ~ no job security or benefits
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23
Q

what are the two aternative to importing food

A
  • agribusiness
  • organic produce
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24
Q

what is agribusiness

A

intense farming aimed at maximising the amount of food produced = maximises profit, high level investments for modern tech & chemicals

25
Q

explain how agribusiness aims to reduce problems associated with importing food

A
  • grow produce all year round
  • make more food & import less
  • reduce carbon footprint
26
Q

what is organic farming

A

food grown without chemicals, more expensive to buy, helps local businesses and more environmentally friendly

27
Q

why has the demand for organic farming increased

A
  • people more concerned about animal welfare
  • healthier for you
  • lower carbon footprint
  • increases seasonality
28
Q

what are some of the problems with organic farming

A
  • expensive
  • helps climate change
  • doesn’t help food security
29
Q

give an example of an agribusiness

A

Lynford house farm

30
Q

explain and describe Lynford house farm

A
  • in East England
  • 570 Hecters
  • wheat and potatoes
  • good soil & climate
  • fertilisers and pesticides = bigger yeild
  • machinery used
  • 54M reservoir
31
Q

give an example of an organic farm

A

riverford organic farm

32
Q

explain and describe riverford organic farm

A
  • started in Devon, now UK wide
  • weekly fresh veg boxes
  • reduce food miles
  • supports local farmers
  • local employment
  • expensive
33
Q

why has the demand for water in the UK increased

A

population growth & higher quality of life = clothes, power showers, dishwashers, hoses, pools

34
Q

give some key facts about water supply increase in the Uk

A
  • fresh water will exceed supply by 40% by 2030
  • 50% of water supply is domestic
  • 21% of our water supply leaks into ground due to old pipes
35
Q

why might larger UK households seem to use more water per person than one person living alone

A

larger households share uses for water (washing machine, dishwasher) this uses water more efficiently

36
Q

what is meant by a water surplus

A

too much water / extra water

37
Q

why do the North and West of the UK have a water surplus

A
  • mountainour landscape = higher precipitation
  • more rain & colder = less evapouration
38
Q

why do the South and East of the UK suffer from a water deficit

A
  • demand exceeds supply
  • lowest annual rainfall = waer stress
39
Q

what is meant by the term water stress

A

where demand exceeds supply

40
Q

what percentage of the UK is under water stress

A

50%

41
Q

what is meant by the term ‘grey water’

A

waste water from showers or toilets

42
Q

how can grey water be used

A

it can be recycles and used to irrigate food and non-food plants (phosphorus and nitrate in water = good nutrients)

43
Q

in the UK how is water transferred from areas of surplus to areas of deficit

A
  • pipes and pumps
    in 2006 water transfer scheme from N and W to south
44
Q

what are the environmental and economic impacts of water transfer

A
  • land and materials is very expensive cost
  • effects land and wildlife by building pipes
  • has to be pumped = produces green house gases
45
Q

give two ways a household can conserve water

A
  • put in a water metre
  • by efficient appliances
46
Q

give two ways a water company can conserve water

A
  • fix leaking pipes
  • give education about not wasting water
47
Q

what are the main causes of water pollution in the UK

A
  • human waste dumped into rivers & sea
  • leaching from old mines
  • discahrge from industries
  • fertilisers = eutrophication = aglea blooms
  • water used in power stations go back into a river
48
Q

what are the social and senvironmental impacts of water pollution in the UK

A
  • get illness and disease = healthcare needed
  • eutophication = algea = dead fish ~ oxygen starved
49
Q

what strategies are in place to improve water quality in the UK

A

environmental agencies:
- monitor rivers & quality
- filter water
- chlorine to purify
- regulate water use

50
Q

give two reasons (not increase in population) why the amount of energy used in the UK has declined

A
  • devices and appliances are more efficient (better insuation)
  • decline in heavy indstry (60% decrease in energy use)
51
Q

what type of energy source has declined most since 1970

A

coal

52
Q

why has their been a significant decline in the use of coal

A
    • carbon emissions from coal are most
    • coal power stations = old & inefficient = expensive to run
    • 2020 oil is 75% imported ~ not musch energy security
53
Q

why do we use non-renewables more than renewables

A
  • meets the rapid demand
  • cheaper
  • we have existing power station
54
Q

why has there been a recent increase in the use of renewable sources of energy

A
  • less harmful for enviroment
  • geographical location = perfect for offshore wind
  • importing is expensive
  • if we produce enough = energy security & independant
  • only maintenance coasts after instaliation
55
Q

what are the main issues of using renewable energy

A

it is unreliable and produces little energy

56
Q

what are the economic and environmental impacts of using nuclear power as an energy source

A
    • cost £18B to construct
    • high costs to produce (uranium)
    • decommissioning = expensive ~ radioactive
    • radioactive leaks = harmful
    • must sotre highly toxic & radioactive waste
    • huge tertiary and quaternary job opportunites (high paid)
57
Q

what are the environmental and economis impacts of using wind power as an energy source

A
    • relatively high contrution cost
    • complaints ~ not appealing to look at
    • unreliable
    • noise from turbines scares animals
    • much better for enviroment
    • can sell energy back to the grid
58
Q

describe the distribution of licences for fracking in the UK

A
  • uneven
  • majority in NE and South London
  • anomolie = Edinbrough
59
Q

explain why the process of fracking for gas causes conflict

A

+ gives job opportunities
+ makes us enegy secure
- environmentally bad
- local home owners ~ polluting land and water
- causes earthquakes

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