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Geography > The development gap (paper 2) > Flashcards

The development gap (paper 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

define development

A

Postitive change that makes things better, usually means standard of life improves or quality of living

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2
Q

define GNI

A

gross national income - total value of everything produced by a country and the income the residants recieve

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3
Q

define GDP

A

Gross dependant product - looks at the production level of an economy, measuring its size and growth rate

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4
Q

define HIC

A

High income country

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5
Q

Give an example of a high income country

A

UK, Japan, USA

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6
Q

define LIC

A

low income country

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7
Q

give and example of a low income country

A

democratic republic of congo, ethiopia

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8
Q

define NEE

A

newly emergy economy - countries that have recently industrailised

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9
Q

Give and example of a NEE

A

brazil, russia, india, mexico

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10
Q

How do you remember the NEEs

A

BRICS MINT

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11
Q

What does BRICS MINT stand for

A

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South africa
Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey

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12
Q

define quality of life

A

A social measure of development, refering to how ‘happy’ a person is with their life

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13
Q

What are the social development indicators

A
  • income
  • life expectancy
  • freedom of speech
  • women’s rights
  • litracy rates
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14
Q

define standard of living

A

An economic measure of deveopment, how much someone owns on average

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15
Q

how do you measure standard of living

A

GPD per capita

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16
Q

What does HDI stand for

A

human development index

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17
Q

What does the HDI do

A

uses three indecators to give each country a score between 0 and 1 and then ranks all countries based on their level of human development

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18
Q

What does HDI rank the countries off

A

their level of human deveoplent

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19
Q

summerise HDI

A

a composite indicator that loos at life expectancy, years in education and GNI per head

20
Q

What are the 3 indiactors the HDI uses

A
  • life expectancy
  • years in education
  • GNI per head
21
Q

What is a composite measure

A

something that uses more than one thing to measure something

22
Q

What are the benefits of using a composite measure of development

A
  • more than one point of reference ~ you get the whole picture
  • the one unti of measure could be bad (war/disease)
  • countries will struggle to lie about more than one unit
23
Q

what are the main reasons population changes

A
  • agricultrural & industrial change
  • urbanization
  • education
  • status of women
24
Q

How can agriculture and industrial change affect population

A
  • as a ocuntry develops technology advances
  • farming is quicker and easier so less employees needed
  • most people work in farming in LIC
  • children are no longer needed to work
25
Q

How can urbanization affect population

A
  • people move to city for work where there is less space to have families
  • greater life expectancy and health care ~ people survive birth
  • more expensive housing cuases people to not want families
26
Q

How can education affect population

A
  • more knowledge of family planning
  • if you want your child to have better education families have less children to invest more
  • knowing about hygiene and safety
  • good education -> better job -> less kids needed to work
27
Q

how can status of women affect population

A
  • more woman are focusing on the own life and have kids later
  • more opportunities so they want to have kids later
  • family planning and contraception
  • empowerment allows women to decide if they themselevs want kids
  • increase in medical staff
28
Q

What is brith rate predicted to do in stage 5 of the demographic transition model

A

decrease

29
Q

What is death rate predicted to do in stage 5 of the demographic transition model

A

increase

30
Q

why does death rate decrease so dramatically in stage 2/3

A

it represents industrilisation

31
Q

What would a population pyramid of a stage 1 country look like

A
  • concave sides
  • high birth rate
  • high death rate
  • short life expectancy
32
Q

What would a population pyramid of a stage 2 country look like

A
  • straight sides
  • high birth rate
  • falling death rate
  • slightly longer life expectancy
33
Q

What would a population pyramid of a stage 3 country look like

A
  • convex sides
  • deciling BR
  • low death rate
  • long life expectancy
34
Q

What would a population pyramid of a stage 4 country look like

A
  • convex sides
  • very low birth rate
  • low death rate
  • longer life expectancy
35
Q

What is a high dependancy ratio

A

When the dependants (0-16, 65+) are more than the working number

36
Q

What is a low dependacy ratio

A

when there is a good amount of workers to dependant (0-16, 65+)

37
Q

What are the sides like on this population pyramid

A

concave

38
Q

What are the sides like on this population pyramid

A

convex

39
Q

What are lifestyle diseases

A

medical conditions or illnesses which people develop off of their surrounds and life style (diabetes)

40
Q

Why do you find more lisfestyle diseases in HICs

A
  • people have more access to processed foods and sweets
  • advanced technology (phones, cars) people don’t get out of the house
  • people don’t have very active jobs ~ they sit behind a desk or counter
41
Q

What are the three causes for uneven development

A
  • physical causes
  • economic causes
  • historical causes
42
Q

what are physical cuases of uneven development

A
  • climate ~ food production, illness
  • natural disasters ~ need country to be rebuilt
  • location ~ land locked
  • natural resources ~ water, oil, soil
43
Q

what are economic causes of uneven development

A
  • no industrilisation
  • no job avaliablity
  • unequal trade
44
Q

what is unequal trade

A

where LICs trade for little to HICs and then the HICs manufactor them and sell them at a higher price

45
Q

what are historical causes of uneven development

A
  • no industrial past
  • disagreements between countries
  • past war
  • impact of colonisation
46
Q

how does colonisation impact uneven development

A
  • the country fights for independence
  • there is no clear leader ~ conflict and war

Geography (11 decks)

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