Human Growth and Development Flashcards
Freud’s stages are psychosexual while Erikson’s stages are…
A. Psychometric
B. Psychodiagnostic
C. Psychopharmacological
D. Psychosocial
b. Psychosocial
In Freud’s psychodynamic theory, instincts are emphasized. Erik Erikson is an ego psychologist. Ego Psychologists…
a. emphasize id processes.
b. refute the concept of superego.
c. believe in man’s power of reasoning to control behavior.
d. are sometimes known as radical behaviorists.
A. emphasize id
id is the center pf psychodynamic
The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life span was…
a. Erik Erikson
b. Milton H. Erikson
c. A.A. Brill
d. Jean Piaget, creator of 4 stage theory
a. Erik Erikson
infancy - late life
- Trust v. Mistrust
- Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt
- Initiatives v. Guilt
- Industry v. Inferiority
- Identity v. Confusion
- Intimacy v. Isolation
- Generativity v. Stagnation
- Integrity v. Despair
The statement “the ego is dependent on the id” would be most likely to reflect the work of…
a. Erik Erikson
b. Sigmund Freud (creator of psychodynamic theory)
c. Jay Haley
d. Arnold Lazarus, William Perry, and Robert Kegan
b. Freud
William Perry is known for his concept know as:
a. relativistic thinking
b. dualistic thinking
c. cognitive thinking
d. unconcious thinking
Dualistic thinking/ Dualism
“black and white” thinking; “right or wrong”
Ed Neukrug challenges dualistic thinking with which theory that describes individuals as being able see beyond “black and white”/ dualistic thinking.
a. relativistic thinking
b. dualistic thinking
c. cognitive thinking
d. unconscious thinking
Relativistic thinking
Jean Piaget’s idiographic approach created his theory with four stages. The correct order from 1-4 no matter cultural or background differences is:
a. formal operations, concrete operations, preoperations, sensorimotor
b. formal operations, preoperations, concrete operations, sensorimotor
c. sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations
d. concrete operations, sensorimotor, preoperations, formal operations
c. sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations
Some behavioral scientists have been critical of Swiss child psychologist Jean Piaget’s developmental research inasmuch as
a. he utilized the t test too frequently
b. he failed to check for Type I or alpha errors
c. he worked primarily with minority children
d. his findings were often derived from observing his on children
d. his findings were often derived from observing is own children
A tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a smaller squatty pitcher. A child indicates that she feels the small pitcher has less water. The child has not yet mastered …
a. symbolic schema
b. conservation
c. androgynous psychosocial issues
d. trust v. mistrust
b. Conservation (concrete operations age 7-11 yrs)
notion that a substance’s weight, mass, and volume remain the same even if the shape changes
* Conservation and Counting = Concrete Operations.
A ___ is merely a system which permits a child to test things out in the physical world.
a. personality
b. ego
c. schema
d. andros
c. schema
In Piagetian literature, conservation would most likely refer to …
a. volume or mass
b. defenses of ego
c. the sensorimotor intelligence stage
d. a specific psychosexual stage of life
a. volume or mass
conservation is an understanding that volume, weight, or mass does not change when redistributed
A child masters conservation in the Piagetian stage known as
a. formal operations - 12 yrs+
b. concrete observations - age 7-11 yrs
c. preoperations - 2-7 yrs
d. sensorimotor intelligence - birth - 2yrs
b. concrete operations
(Conservation + Counting = Concrete)
___expanded on Piaget’s conceptualization of moral development
a. Erik Erikson
b. Lev Vygotsky
c. Lawrence Kohlberg
d. John B. Watson
c. Lawrence Kohlberg
Kohlberg - leading theorist in MORAL development
Epigenetic in nature - each stage emerges from the one before
*Erikson and Maslow also epigenetic in nature
This theorist strongly disagreed with Piaget’s idea that stages of development occur naturally. Instead they insist that the stages unfold due to educational intervention (social learning).
a. Erik Erikson
b. Lev Vygotsky
c. Lawrence Kohlberg
d. John B. Watson
b. Lev Vygotsky
According to Jean Piaget, a child masters the concept of reversibility in the third stage, known as concrete operations or concrete operation thought. This notion suggests…
a. that heavier objects are more difficult for a child to lift.
b. the child is ambidextrous.
c. the child is more cognizant of mass than weight.
d. one can undo an action, hence an object (say a glass of water) can return to its initial shape.
d. one can undo an action, hence an object can return to its initial shape
