Human Embryology 3 - Development Of Digestive System

Question 1

Three parts of primitive gut

Answer 1

1. Foregut
2. Midgut
3. Hindgut

Question 2

Derivatives of the primitive gut

Answer 2

1. Pharyngeal pouch - pharynx
2. Foregut - esophagus, stomach, upper duodenum, trachea
3. Midgut - lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum
4. Hindgut - distal 1/3 of transverse colon, rectum, superior part of anal cavity

Question 3

The primitive gut develops into the ______ of the layers

Answer 3

Epithelium

Question 4

Pharyngeal pouches has _____ pairs

Answer 4

5

Question 5

First pair of pharyngeal pouches has proximal and distal part forming

Answer 5

1. Proximal - narrows to form the auditory tube
2. Distal - widen to form tympanic cavity of middle ear

Question 6

Brachial membrane forms the

Answer 6

Tympanic membrane

Question 7

Second pair of pharyngeal pouches has a distal and remainder part forming

Answer 7

1. Distal - obliterated
2. Remaining - proliferate and form promordium of the palatine tonsil

Question 8

Third pair of pharyngeal pouches have dorsal and ventral part forming

Answer 8

1. Dorsal - grows downward to form the inferior pair of parathyroid glands
2. Ventral - cells differentiate and form two cell cords, grow downward, fuse with each other to give rise to the promordium of the thymus and eventually the thymus

Question 9

Fourth pair of pharyngeal pouches have dorsal and ventral part forming

Answer 9

1. Dorsal - grows upward to form superior pair of parathyroid glands
2. Ventral - degenerates

Question 10

Fifth pair of pharyngeal pouches

Answer 10

Give rise to the ultimobrachial body which immigrate into thyroid and differentiate into
- parafollicular cells

Question 11

In the 10th week, when the midgut loop is returning to the abdominal cavity, if there is incomplete closure of umbilical coelum

Answer 11

Congenital umbilical hernia

Question 12

Complication resulting from the failure of the vitelline duct, umbilical vein or umbilical arteries to close *(there may be mucus at the umbilicus)

Answer 12

Umbilical fistula

Question 13

Hepatic diverticulum divides into the large _______ part and the small _______ part

Answer 13

1. Cephalic
2. Caudal

Question 14

Hepatic diverticulum is the primordium of the

Answer 14

Liver and gallbladder

Question 15

Primordium of the pancreas

Answer 15

Dorsal and ventral pancreatic bud