Female Reproductive System Flashcards
A follicle consisting of an oocyte surrounded by follicular cells
Ovarian follicle
Before birth, oogonium come from
Yolk sac
Oogonium develop into primary oocyte in the
Ovarian cortex
This structure starts the first meiosis
Primary oocyte
The primary oocyte begins the first meiosis, but
Rest at prophase of division
The ovarian reserve consists of about
680,000 follicles
FSH is released from the
Pituitary gland
Primordial follicles are contained in the
Superficial regions of the cortex
A layer of homogeneous structure (glycoproteins) which is secreted by the oocyte and the follicular cells - eosinophilic in HE stain
Zona pellucida
When the primordial follicle begin to grow and differentiate - stroma becomes
Theca of follicle
The primordial cells are composed of
Flattened cells
After differentiation of primordial follicles, the cells of the primary follicle become
Cuboidal cells
Another name for the follicular cells
Granulosa cells
When the layer of the follicles reach 6-12 layers, the space between cells will occur, fluid emerge and a large cavity formed in the late stage
Secondary follicle in late stage
The secondary follicle - differentiate from primary follicle
Tightly adhering granulosa cells immediately surrounding the zona pellucida, accompanying the oocyte when it leaves the ovary at ovulation
Corona radiata
The secondary follicle - differentiate from primary follicle
Follicular fluid increase to force the oocyte and some follicular cells move to one side to form a hillock-like structure
Cumulus oophorus
The theca of follicle is divided into 2 layers
- Theca interna
- Theca externa
The Theca interna is
- rich in Theca cells which are the hormone secreting cells
- spindle shaped, polyhedral
- steroid hormone cell features
The Theca externa is
- connective tissue (CT)
- fiber
The wall of the follicular cavity composed of
Stratum granulosum
Theca cells and granulosa cells together will produce and secrete
Estrogen (main source of sex organ in females)
Maximally developed follicle which extends through the full thickness of the cortex and bulges from the surface of the ovary
Mature follicle
Compared with the secondary follicle, the mature follicle
- increased follicular fluid
- enlarged follicular cavity
- thinner stratum granulosa
The first meiosis division is completed _______ hours before ovulation
36-48
During the first meiosis division, the primary oocyte divides into secondary oocyte and the first polar body will
Disappear
The ______ begins the second meiosis
Secondary oocyte
After the secondary oocyte begins the second meiosis, it rests at the second stage of division, if fertilized, it becomes an ______, if not fertilized, it perishes.
Ovum
During the fourteenth day of menstruation, ovum maintain the capacity of fertilization for
12-24 hours
After ovulation, follicle collapse, CT and blood vessels enter the follicle to form a yellow-colored, gland-like structure
Corpus Luteum
Corpus luteum of menstruation
- not fertilized
- exist for 12-14 days, then become corpus albicans
Corpus luteum of pregnancy
- fertilization occur
- exists for 6 months, then becomes corpus albicans
Only _____ follicles reach maturity and release oocyte
450
The degeneration and perishing of follicle at any stage of development and maturation
Atretic follicle
Originate from Theca interna and surrounding stromal elements of degenerating follicles and are simultaneously vascularized and hypertrophied (or luteinized)
Interstitial gland
During pregnancy, embryo is embedded in the
Functional layer
Two important structures of the endometrium
- Endometrial gland
- Spiral arteries
