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Histology & Embryology🔬 > Digestive Tract (DT) > Flashcards

Digestive Tract (DT) Flashcards

1
Q

Function: oral cavity

A

Ingestion and initial fragmentation

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2
Q

Function: esophagus

A

Conduct food from oral cavity to stomach

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3
Q

Function: stomach

A

Complete fragmentation and initial digestion

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4
Q

Function: duodenum

A

Get enzymes from pancreas and liver

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5
Q

Function: jejunum & ileum

A

Complete digestion and main absorption

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6
Q

Function: large intestines

A

Absorption of water and ions

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7
Q

Layers of the DT

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Musculosa
  4. Serosa (Adventitia)
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8
Q

The walls of the mucosa layer has three layers covered with two types of epithelial cells

A
  1. Stratified squamous epithelium
  2. Simple columnar epithelium
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9
Q

Function: wall of the mucosa layer

A
  1. A selectively permeable membrane
  2. Digestion and absorption
  3. Produce hormone
  4. Secrete mucus for lubrication and protection
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10
Q

DT layer of connective tissue containing the Submucosa nerve plexus

A

Submucosa

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11
Q

DT layer of smooth muscle cells and less skeletal muscle cells with inner circular and outer longitudinal sub layers

A

Muscularis

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12
Q

The nerve plexus found in the muscularis layer of DT

A

Myenteric nerve plexus

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13
Q

Function: myenteric nerve plexus

A

The contraction of muscularis propel and mix the food in digestive tracts

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14
Q

The adventitia:

A

Serosa: LCT + mesothelium

Fibrosa: LCT

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15
Q

Three layers of the mucosa layer

A
  1. Stratified squamous epithelium
  2. Lamina propria
  3. Muscularis (mucosa)
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16
Q

In the mucosa of the stomach, the columnar cells toward the surface are called

A

Surface mucous cell

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17
Q

Invaginates into the lamina propria, opens into the gastric gland and functions to

A

Gastric pit

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18
Q

Distribution: most of the stomach (body and fundus) except pylorus and cardia

Structure:
1. simple or branched tubular glands
2. Glands open into gastric pit
3. The epithelium of the gland include:
- chief cells
- parietal cells
- neck mucous cells
- undifferentiated cells
- endocrine cells

A

Main gastric gland

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19
Q

Parietal cell is also called

A

Oxyntic cell

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20
Q

Distribution: more numerous in upper half of the gland

Function:
1. Secrete hydrochloric acid
2. Produce intrinsic factor

A

Parietal cell

21
Q

Function: Intrinsic Factor

A

Intrinsic factor processes Vitamin B-12 into complex which aids the production of erythrocytes

22
Q

Breaks down protein into peptides and solid food becomes liquefied

A

Pepsin

23
Q

Activates the pepsinogen secreted from chief cells

A

HCl

24
Q

Distribution: the mucosa of cardia and pylorus respectively

Function: secrete mucous

Structure: composed mainly of mucous cells

A

Cardiac and pyloric glands

25
Q

Three special features of small intestine used to increase the surface area for the contact with food to promote absorption and digestion:

A
  1. Plicae circulares (3-fold)
  2. Villi (10-fold)
  3. Microvilli (20-fold)
26
Q

Intestinal villi is most developed in the

A

Duodenum

27
Q

Intestinal glands are also called

A

Crypts

28
Q

Cells which aggregate at the bottom of the gland

A

Paneth cells

29
Q

Digestive and absorptive process take place on the surface of ________ along the microfilaments

A

Microvilli

30
Q

There are no goblet cells in the

A

Stomach

31
Q

________ and ________ are present outside the gland

A
  1. Undifferentiated cell
  2. Endocrine cells
32
Q

Glands in the duodenum are also called

A

Brunner’s gland (duodenal glands)

33
Q

Aggregated lymphoid nodules

A

Ileum

34
Q

In the mucosa layer of large intestines
Function: goblet cells

A

Secrete mucus

35
Q

The narrowest part of the gut; a blind-ended tubule; poorly formed crypts; mucosa and Submucosa contain abundant lymphoid tissue

A

Appendix

36
Q

Possible extensions of Peyer patches in ileum

A

Duodenal glands

37
Q

Solitary (jejunum) and aggregated (ileum) - most prominent forming Peyer’s patches

A

Gut-Associated lumphoid tissue (GALT)

38
Q

GALT has many immune cells and function in

A

Protection

39
Q

Specialized epithelial cells overlying Peyer’s patches

A

M-cells

40
Q

M-cells are also called

A

Microfolds - cells

41
Q

Epithelium of the gut contains scattered cells that have an endocrine function

A

Enteroendocrine

42
Q

Endocrine cells can be identified by the presence of ______ which stain black by silver staining

A

Argentaffin cells

43
Q

Fig 1
Special epithelial lining

A

Esophagus

44
Q

Fig 2
Pit; gastric line

A

Stomach

45
Q

Fig 3
Finger-like

A

Jejunum
(Small intestine)

46
Q

Fig 5

A

Paneth cells

47
Q

Fig 4
Duodenal gland

A

Duodenum

48
Q

Fig 9
Narrow lumen

A

Appendix

Histology & Embryology🔬 (12 decks)

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