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Histology & Embryology🔬 > Human Embryology 2 - Development Of Head & Face > Flashcards

Human Embryology 2 - Development Of Head & Face Flashcards

1
Q

Fetal membrane composed of

A
  1. Chorion
  2. Amnion
  3. Yolk sac
  4. Allantois
  5. Umbilical cord
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2
Q

Chorion has three phases of villi

A
  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
  3. Tertiary
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3
Q

In the Decidua capsularis, there is pressure, so overtime the villi in that area of the embryo differentiate into a smooth surface called

A

Chorion laevae

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4
Q

In the Decidua basalis, there is minimal pressure at that end of the embryo and abundant nutrition, so the villi there grow and branch into

A

Chorion frondosum

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5
Q

Chorion frondosum participates in the formation of the

A

Placenta

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6
Q

The placenta of the Decidua basalis comes from the ______ in fetal development

A

Mother

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7
Q

The placenta of the chorion frondosum comes from the ______ in fetal development

A

Fetus

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8
Q

Amniotic fluid is renewed every _______ hours

A

3

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9
Q

Yolk sac composed of

A
  1. Inner Endoderm
  2. Outer Extraembryonic Mesoderm
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10
Q

Endoderm cells of the yolk sac form ______ which differentiate into spermatogonia and oogonia

A

Primordial germ cells

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11
Q

Mesoderm cells of the walls of the yolk sac differentiate into

A

Blood island, primary blood vessels & primitive blood cells

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12
Q

Outpocketing of the embryo’s gut

A

Allantois

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13
Q

The umbilical cord is about

A

50cm long

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14
Q

Structure by which exchange of material between fetus and mother occurs

A

Placenta

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15
Q

Structures of the placenta
Maternal portion

A

Decidua basalis

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16
Q

Structure of the placenta
Fetal portion

A

Chorion frondosum

17
Q

The structure between fetal and maternal blood

A

Placental barrier

18
Q

Placental barrier is comprised of

A
  1. Endothelium
  2. Connective tissue
  3. Cytotrophoblast
  4. Synctiotrophoblast
19
Q

Functions of placenta

A
  1. Exchange
  2. Protection
  3. Hormone production
    - (HCG) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
    - (HPL) Human Placental Lactogen
    - Progesterone
    - Estrogen
20
Q

HCG is produced in abundance _____ weeks after fertilization

21
Q

Week 4-5 symmetrical columns formed called
6 pairs

A

Brachial arches

22
Q

Between brachial arches

A

Brachial clefts

23
Q

Cranial part of the foregut formed from the endoderm

A

Primitive pharynx

24
Q

At week 4, the neural crest mesenchyme produces five (5) principal prominences named

A
  1. Frontonasal prominence
  2. Heart prominence
  3. Maximally prominence (pair)
  4. Mandibular prominence (pair)
  5. All surrounding a Stomodeum
25
Q

Anterior 4 pairs of brachial arches are

26
Q

The 5th pair of brachial arches

27
Q

The 6th pair of brachial arches is

A

Not visible

28
Q

Brachial apparatus comprised of

A
  1. Brachial arches
  2. Brachial cleft
  3. Brachial membrane
  4. Pharyngeal pouches
29
Q

Base of the Stomodeum

A

Oropharyngeal membrane

30
Q

By week 6, two additional prominences formed

A
  1. Lateral nasal prominence (pair)
  2. Medial nasal prominence (pair)
31
Q

Medial nasal prominence forms

A
  1. Philtrum
  2. Medial upper lip
  3. Nasal tip
  4. Columella
32
Q

Lateral nasal prominence forms

A
  1. Lateral nasal ala
  2. Nasolacrimal groove
33
Q

The formation of the palate occurs between

A

Week 5 - Week 12

34
Q

The frontonasal prominence forms

A
  1. Forehead
  2. Bridge and tip of nose
  3. Philtrum
  4. Primary palate
35
Q

The maxillary prominence forms

A
  1. Lateral part of upper lips
  2. Lateral wall and floor of orbit
36
Q

The mandibular prominence forms

A
  1. Mandible
  2. Lower lip
37
Q

Malformations of the prominences
very important for exams

A
  1. Bilateral cleft lip
  2. Oblique facial cleft
  3. Cleft lip
    4.

Histology & Embryology🔬 (12 decks)

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