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Histology & Embryology🔬 > Human Embryology 1 > Flashcards

Human Embryology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Process of an individual organism growing organically

A

Ontogenesis

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2
Q

Gestational Period from fertilization to parturition of mature fetus

A

38 week (266 days)

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3
Q

Three periods of gestation

A
  1. Preembryonic period
  2. Embryonic period [Week 3-8] (sensitive to congenital malformations)
  3. Fetal period [Week 9 - birth]
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4
Q

Gametes are _______ cells

A

Haploid

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5
Q

Somatic cell are _______ cells

A

Diploid

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6
Q

Mitochondria-filled area of the tail of the mature spermatozoon

A

Middle piece

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7
Q

The removal of glycoprotein coat and seminal plasma proteins to allow sperm to fertilize an ovum

A

Capacitation of sperm

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8
Q

The process by which the male and female gametes (sperm and ovum) unite to give rise to a zygote

A

Fertilization

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9
Q

Ampullary region of the oviduct

A

Site of fertilization

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10
Q

Three phases of fertilization

A
  1. Penetration of corona radiata
  2. Recognition and penetration of zona pellucida
  3. Membrane fusion and entry
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11
Q

After sperm binds to zona pellucida, induced by calcium ion influx

A

Acrosome reaction

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12
Q

Ovum (22+X) + Sperm (22+X)

A

Female

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13
Q

Ovum (22+X) + Sperm (22+Y)

A

Male

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14
Q

24 hours after fertilization, the mammalian zygote (1 cell) begins cleavage - forming 2 blastomeres; then 4 blastomeres

A

Cleavage

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15
Q

After 72 hours, blastomeres multiply forming

A

Morula

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16
Q

Blastocyst formation occurs day

A

4-5

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17
Q

Blastocyst is also called

A

Blastula

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18
Q

Three parts of blastocyst

A
  1. Inner cell mass (embryoblast)
  2. Trophoblast (outer cell mass)
  3. Blastocyst cavity (blastocoele)
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19
Q

Develops into embryo proper

A

Inner cell mass

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20
Q

Forms at the time 4-5 days after fertilization

A

Blastocyst

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21
Q

The discovery of Human Embryonic Stem Cells accredited to

A

James Thomson

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22
Q

The process by which the blastocyst is embedded into the endometrium of the uterus

A

Implantation

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23
Q

Implantation occurs after fertilization on day

A

7-8
6th - 7th ~ 11th - 12th

24
Q

The process of implantation

A

Zona pellucida disappear —> polar trophoblast touch the endometrium —> secrete proteolytic enzyme —> binds to endometrium wall —> the area is sealed

25
Q

Implantation occurs in which phase of cyclic changes of the endometrium (menstrual cycle)

A

Secretory phase

26
Q

Trophoblast proliferates into two layers

A
  1. Syncytiotrophoblast (has lacunae filled with maternal blood - filled with nutrition for fetus)
  2. Cytotrophoblast
27
Q

Implantation occurs normally in

A

Posterior wall of fundus and body of uterus

28
Q

Implantation occurs abnormally in

A
  1. Placenta praevia
  2. Ectopic pregnancy (most often in oviduct)
29
Q

Cells of the endometrium become polyhedral and loaded with glycogen and lipid droplets

A

Decidua reaction

30
Q

The functional zone (functionalis) of the endometrium that performs the decidua reaction

31
Q

Three layers of the Decidua

A
  1. Decidua Basalis
  2. Decidua Capsularis
  3. Decidua Parietalis

key figure for examination

32
Q

At the beginning of the 2nd week, bilaminar germ disc is formed having

A
  1. Epiblast
  2. Hypoblast
33
Q

Amnioblasts differentiate into

A

Amniotic epithelium to form the amnion

34
Q

Occurs during the third week of gestation, changes from bilaminar germ disc to trilaminar germ disc

A

Gastrulation

35
Q

The appearance of the primitive streak determines the

A

Cranial and caudal end of the germ disc

36
Q

Primitive node is at the _______ of the germ disc

A

Cranial end

37
Q

Cells of the primitive groove proliferate and migrate downwards to form two cell layers

A
  1. Mesoderm
  2. Endoderm
38
Q

Epiblast changes its name to ______ by the end of the third week during the formation of the trilaminar germ disc

39
Q

At the cranial end of the primitive streak

A

Oropharyngeal membrane (having endoderm & ectoderm, but no mesoderm)

40
Q

At the caudal end of the primitive streak is the

A

Cloacal membrane (having endoderm and ectoderm, but no mesoderm)

41
Q

Cells of the primitive pit proliferate and grow in the cranial direction forming the:
important in the formation of the neural tube

42
Q

The embryonic period is also called the

A

Period of organogenesis

43
Q

Differentiation of ectoderm occurs between days _______ and results in the formation of the neural plate

44
Q

Anterior neuropore will be closed at the _____ day after fertilization

45
Q

Posterior neuropore will be closed at the _____ day after fertilization

46
Q

Premordium of the Central Nervous System (from the ectoderm)

A

Neural tube

47
Q

Anterior neuropore not closed

48
Q

Posterior neuropore is not closed

A

Spina bifida

49
Q

The ectoderm becomes the Peripheral Nervous System from the

A

Neural crest

50
Q

Differentiation of the mesoderm occurs on the

51
Q

Intermediate mesoderm forms

A

Most of the organs in the urinary and reproductive (genital) system

52
Q

Lateral mesoderm has

A
  1. Intraembryonic coelum
  2. Somatic (parietal) mesoderm
  3. Splanchnic (visceral) mesoderm
53
Q

Lateral mesoderm also forms

A

Heart and blood vessels

54
Q

The epithelium of the digestive and respiratory system are derived from the

55
Q

At the caudal end, structure present called the

Histology & Embryology🔬 (12 decks)

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