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Biology V > Human Digestive System > Flashcards

Human Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Define human alimentary canal

A

Its a long tract/tube which connects with the external environment and can fulfill the steps of holozoic mode of nutrition

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2
Q

What does the human digestive system consist of

A

Alimentary canal
Associated glands

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3
Q

Components of alimentary canal

A
  1. Mouth/Oral cavity
  2. Pharynx
  3. Esophagus
  4. Stomach
  5. Small intestine
  6. Large intestine
  7. Rectum
  8. Anus
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4
Q

Associated glands include

A
  1. Salivary glands
  2. Liver
  3. Pancreas
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5
Q

Describe oral cavity

A
  • Oral cavity consists of tongue, teeth and salivary glands
  • Ingestion and initial steps of digestion are carried out in oral cavity
  • Both mechanical and chemical digestion takes place in the mouth
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6
Q

Components of oral cavity

A

tongue
teeth
salivary glands

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7
Q

Whats carried out in oral cavity

A
  • Ingestion and initial steps of digestion are carried out in oral cavity
  • Both mechanical and chemical digestion takes place in the mouth
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8
Q

Describe teeth

A
  • There are 4 teeth types: incisors, canines, premolars and molars
  • Functions:
    1. Food is cut, mashed and ground by different teeth types with different shapes
    2. Makes it easier to swallow food
    3. Increases surface area for digestion
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9
Q

Functions of teeth

A
  1. Food is cut, mashed and ground by different teeth types with different shapes
  2. Makes it easier to swallow food
  3. Increases surface area for digestion
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10
Q

Describe salivary glands

A
  • Salivary glands release saliva into oral cavity through ducts
  • Releasing saliva into the oral cavity occurs when food enters the oral cavity due to a nervous reflex
  • Saliva is also released into the mouth before food digestion due to various other stimuli (ex: sight, odor of food)
  • Saliva contains water, amylase, mucin (a viscous mixture of salts, cells and slippery glycoproteins called mucins), buffers and anti-microbial components
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11
Q

what does saliva contain

A

water
amylase
mucus (a viscous mixture of salts, cells and slippery glycoproteins called mucins), buffers
anti-microbial components

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12
Q

what is mucus

A

a viscous mixture of salts, cells and slippery glycoproteins called mucins

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13
Q

how is saliva released to oral cavity

A

through ducts

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14
Q

what are the 2 instances saliva is released into oral cavity

A
  • Releasing saliva into the oral cavity occurs when food enters the oral cavity due to a nervous reflex
  • Saliva is also released into the mouth before food digestion due to various other stimuli (ex: sight, odor of food)
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15
Q

what are the stimuli that stimulate saliva release into mouth

A

sight

odor of food

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16
Q

functions of saliva

A
  1. Salivary amylase

Chemical digestion of polysaccharides (starch) into smaller polysaccharides and disaccharides into maltose

  1. Water

Liquifies food

Provides a watery medium for chemical digestion

Aids in taste reception

  1. Mucus

Lubricates food to make it easier to swallow

Cleans mouth

Protects mouth lining from abrasion

  1. Antimicrobial components (lysozymes, immunoglobulin)

Protect against bacteria that enter the mouth

  1. Buffers

Prevents tooth decay by neutralizing acid

17
Q

buffers function

A

Prevents tooth decay by neutralizing acid

18
Q

antimicrobial components function

A

Protect against bacteria that enter the mouth

19
Q

mucus functions

A

Lubricates food to make it easier to swallow

Cleans mouth

Protects mouth lining from abrasion

20
Q

salivary amylase function

A

Chemical digestion of polysaccharides (starch) into smaller polysaccharides and disaccharides into maltose

21
Q

water functions

A

Liquifies food

Provides a watery medium for chemical digestion

Aids in taste reception

22
Q

Give examples for antimicrobial components in saliva

A

lysozymes
immunoglobulin

23
Q

Describe tongue

A
  • composed of skeletal muscles
  • Functions:
  1. Helps mix food with saliva and make food bolus that makes swallowing easier
  2. Then helps push bolus into the posterior part of oral cavity into the pharynx
24
Q

composition of tongue

A

skeletal muscles

25
Q

functions of tongue

A
  1. Helps mix food with saliva and make food bolus that makes swallowing easier
  2. Then helps push bolus into the posterior part of oral cavity into the pharynx
26
Q

describe pharynx

A
  • A common passage of the respiratory tract and digestive tract
  • The pharynx leads to esophagus
27
Q

what is pharynx the common passage of

A

respiratory and digestive tracts

28
Q

what does pharynx lead to

A

esophagus

29
Q

describe esophagus

A
  • it’s a long tube connecting pharynx and stomach
  • It’s found in thoracic cavity
  • The wall of esophagus contains both skeletal and smooth muscles
  • The skeletal muscles are located towards the uppermost part of esophagus and these muscles function in swallowing
  • The rest of the esophagus contains smooth muscles involved in a process called
    peristalsis
  • Peristalsis is a process where food bolus is pushed along the esophagus, which is an alternative wave of rhythmic contractions and relaxations of the smooth muscles lining the esophagus
30
Q

where is esophagus found

A

thoracic cavity

31
Q

what does esophagus connect

A

pharynx and stomach

32
Q

what does the esophagus wall contain

A

smooth and skeletal muscles

33
Q

where are the skeletal muscles of esophagus found

A

towards the uppermost part of esophagus

34
Q

what do skeletal muscles in esophagus function in

A

swallowing

35
Q

what do smooth muscles in esophagus function in

A

peristalsis

36
Q

define peristalsis

A

Peristalsis is a process where food bolus is pushed along the esophagus, which is an alternative wave of rhythmic contractions and relaxations of the smooth muscles lining the esophagus

Biology V (13 decks)

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