Animal Nutrition Flashcards
define animal nutrition
it’s the process by which food is taken in for make use in different body functions
give examples for heterotrophs
animals
fungi
majority of bacteria
define heterotrophic nutrion
the process by which organisms obtain organic food molecules by ingesting other organisms or by substances derives from other organisms
2 types of heterotrophic nutrition
- Holozoic nutrition
- Symbiosis
Define holozoic nutrition
Animals ingesting food into their alimentary canal is holozoic nutrition
5 stages of holozoic nutrition
- Ingestion
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Assimilation
- Egestion / Elimination
Describe ingestion
- Ingestion is the first stage where the act of eating/feeding happens
- Food sources differ among animal species and they possess different modes of ingestion according to diet and environment
Define ingestion
Ingestion is the first stage where the act of eating/feeding happens
How do modes of ingestion differ?
according to diet and environment
Describe digestion
- digestion is when food is broken down into molecules small enough to pass through the membranes and enter cells of organisms
- Digestion could occur mechanically (by teeth/ muscle contractions) and chemically (by enzymes)
- During mechanical digestion, food is broken down into smaller fragments and thus increase surface area for efficient chemical digestion
- During chemical digestion enzymes break bonds in large molecules to small molecules
define digestion
digestion is when food is broken down into molecules small enough to pass through the membranes and enter cells of organisms
2 types of digestion
mechanically (by teeth/ muscle contractions) and chemically (by enzymes)
describe mechanical digestion briefly
During mechanical digestion, food is broken down into smaller fragments and thus increase surface area for efficient chemical digestion
describe chemical digestion briefly
During chemical digestion enzymes break bonds in large molecules to small molecules
define absorption
- in this stage, animal cells take up small molecules (simple sugars, amino acids)
define assimilation
assimilation is the process of utilization of absorbed nutrients for various body functions
define elimination
elimination is when undigested food materials are passed out of the alimentary canal
what are the feeding mechanisms of animals?
- fluid feeders
- filter feeders
- substrate feeders
- bulk feeders
define filter feeding
they strain suspended food particles from the surrounding watery medium
what mechanisms are used for filter feeding
capturing, trapping, etc
give examples for filter feeding
- oysters and clams
feed on small food pieces in water that passes over their gills
cilia in gills sweep food particles in the animals mouth by a mucus film
- whales
filter feeding of baleen whales
describe the filter feeding of oysters and clams
feed on small food pieces in water that passes over their gills
cilia in gills sweep food particles in the animals mouth by a mucus film
Describe filter feeding
- they strain suspended food particles from surrounding watery medium
- they use several mechanisms such as capturing, trapping, etc
ex:
1. oysters and clams
feed on small food pieces in water that passes over their gills
cilia in gills sweep food particles in the animals mouth by a mucus film
- whales
filter feeding of baleen whales
describe fluid feeders
- fluid feeders suck nutrient-rich fluid from a living host using well adapted mouth parts
ex:
mosquitoes: suck human blood
aphids: suck phloem sap of plants
bees & humming birds: suck honey from flowers
define fluid feeders
fluid feeders suck nutrient-rich fluid from a living host using well adapted mouth parts
give examples for fluid feeders
mosquitoes: suck human blood
aphids: suck phloem sap of plants
bees & humming birds: suck honey from flowers
