Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

112 Brain and Behaviour > Human development Wk 11 > Flashcards

Human development Wk 11 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
The Brain flashcards
1
Q

what is developmental psychology?

A

is the study if of how behaviour changes over a life span

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how can change of behaviour occur?

A

physical maturation and shaped by experience (nature Vs nurture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the post hoc fallacy

A

assuming that things that occur first cause things that occur after the fact

(which is not the case)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what did har and Ridley find about children with greater vocabularies

A

parents who peak to their children a lot produce children with larger vocabs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are some explanations for childrens good vocab

A

can be either nature or nurture - environment or perhaps they are genetically predisposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how might nature and nurture work together?

A

tendency of individuals with certain genetic predisposition to seek out and create environments that permit the expression of these predispositions

eg. extroverts may deliberately engage with other like themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

explain gene expression

A

some genes ‘turn on’ only in response to specific environmental events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are epigenetics?

A

whether genes are active is regulated by day to day and movement to moment environmental conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are gene environment interaction?

A

the effects of genes may depend on the environment and how the individual responds to the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is an example of environment interaction?

A

People who possess a gene that results in low production of an enzyme called monoamine oxidase (MAO) may be at increased risk of becoming violent criminals

Whether this genetic risk factor is associated with violent behaviour depends on whether children were exposed to a history of maltreatment (such as physical abuse)

(pretty much if the environmental around the child enforces the gene that enhances becoming violent criminals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the Niche picking hypothesis?

A

genetically similar people will select similar environments, this leading to a similar IQ’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is gene expression?

A

environmental influences actually turn genes off and on throughout our lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

implications of gene expression?

A

children with gene that predispose them to anxiety many never become anxious unless a highly stressful event could occur and trigger these genes to become active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are some examples of epigenetics?

A
  • DNA methylation

- histone modification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is DNA methylation?

A

additional of a methyl group (chemical caps that stop a gene from being expressed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is histone modification?

A

a protein that DNA wraps around. squeezes it so tightly so it can’t be read. (Can relax the histones, which make the DNA accessible to read by proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is behavioural epigenetics?

A

provides a framework for understanding how the expressions of genes is influenced by experiences and the environment to produce individual differences in behaviour, personality, cognition and mental health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the Lamarckism hypothesis?

A

is the hypothesis that an organism can pass on characteristics that it has acquired during its lifetime to its offspring.

(It is also known as the inheritance of acquired characteristics)

19
Q

what is cross sectional design?

A

design in which researchers examine people who are of different ages at a single point in time –snapshot approach

20
Q

benefits and down side of cross sectional design

A

continent - quick

covert effects

21
Q

what are covert effects

A

occur when a commonly aged group of people in research indirectly affect results due to their common age related influences

e. younger people are better at computer games

22
Q

what is longitudinal design?

A

Psychologists track the development of the same group of people over time.

23
Q

what is bilateral influence?

A

development and experience have bidirectional influences on each other. Two way street

eg. parents influences their children behaviour which in turn influences parent reaction

24
Q

what is a zygote?

A

a fertilised egg. Made up of genetic material

25
Q

what is an embryo?

A

a developing baby (up to eighth week of gestation)

26
Q

what is a fetus?

A

after the eighth week of pregnancy and until birth occurs

27
Q

what are some obstacle to normal fetal development?

A
  • premature birth
  • lownbirth weight
  • exposure to hazardous environmental influences
  • biological influences
28
Q

what is the viability point

A

the point in pregnancy at which infants can typically survive on it sown (25 weeks)

29
Q

what are teratogens?

A

environmental factors that can affect prenatal development negatively.

they range from drugs, chicken pox and xrays

30
Q

explain infant reflexes

A

infants are born with a large set of automatic motor behaviours or relax they fulfil important survival needs

31
Q

motor skill development in infants ?

A

fine and gross motor skills developed in a predictable way

32
Q

differences in motor skill development between genders

A

females: develop fine motor skills more quickly (drawing)
males: develop gross motor skills quicker (jumping climbing)

33
Q

brain development?

A

around 8 to 9 years of age the brain experiences growth increases to nearly the same size as an adult brain

is different parts of the brain develop such as the frontal lobes children cognitive capacity increases

34
Q

what are primary sex characteristics?

A

primary features such as the reproductive organs and genitals that distinguish the sexes

35
Q

what are secondary sex characteristics?

A

sex differentiation characteristic that do no relate directly to reproduction such as breast enlargement and deepening voices

36
Q

when do adults reach peak levels lf strength , agility and stamina?

A

20’s

37
Q

what begins to decline after the age of 30

A

strength, agility, stamina, balance, coordination

38
Q

when does fertility decline in women?

A

35yo but remain fertile until around 50

39
Q

does sperm quality decrease ?

A

yes

40
Q

does temperament remain stable from birth, across life span?

A

yes

41
Q

babies with a highly reactive ……………. …………… are more likely to have strong reactions too potentially …………. situations

A

1 - limbic stems

2- stressful

42
Q

what is the significance of attachment?

A

-refers to bonds that form between newborn and primary caregivers

43
Q

what is imprinting?

A

-basic form of attachment

44
Q

what are the 4 type of parenting style in two dimensions of warmth and control

A

warm behaviour:

  • permissive
  • authoritative
  • low warmth
  • uninvolved
  • authoritarian

112 Brain and Behaviour (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions