Biological PSY wk 3 Flashcards
What do the Sensory Neurones do?
and where is it located?
Send a message from the brain to the body, (Eg. Temp, pressure, pain)
Location : dorsal spine
What do the Motor Neurones do?
and where is it located?
Send messages from the brain to the body, (Eg. Actions, changes in organ function)
Location: Ventral Spine
What do Interneurons do?
Connect sensory and motor Neurones at the spinal level, allowing reflexive movement
What does the Brain stem comprised of?
mid-brain, pons, medulla and RAS
what is the cerebellum also known as?
The little brain
What does the cerebellum do?
gives people; balance, motor coordination, learning and motor skills
what are cerebral Ventricles?
cavities within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid,
What does cerebrospinal fluid do?
Nourishes and protects the central nervous system
What are the 2 main purposes of the Brain stem?
1- Connects the brain and spinal cord 2- Regulates bodily functions
what are the 4 key functions in the brain stem?
1- pons
2-Medulla
3-Mid- brain
4-Reticular activating system (RAS)
What does the pons do?
connects cortext to cerebellum
what does the medulla control?
Respiration, heart rate and sleep/wake patterns
what does the mid-brain control?
Movement control, orienting to sensory stimuli
what does the RAS control?
continuousness an arousal
if an individual was classified as brain dead, which of the four key functions would not be working?
All.
What is the largest most complex region of the brain?
Forebrain
What is the two main things the Forebrain is comprised of
1 - cerebral cortext
2- subcortical structures
What is the left and right cerebral hemispheres connected by, that allows the two hemispheres to share information
corpus callosum
what is the lymbic system?
interconnects brain regions, involved in emotional processing, basic drives, control of the autonomic nervous system, learning & memory and smell.
(ALSO 1 OUT 2 KEY SUBCORTICAL STRUCTURES)
what are the 4 key things that the lymbic system is made up of?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, Amygdala, Hippocampus
what does the thalamus do?
Receives/transfers incoming sensory information to the cortext (relay station)
what does the hypothalamus do?
regulates autonomic nervous system and endocrine system
what does the amygdala do?
learning, recognising and responding to emotion (in particular fear)
what does the hippocampus do?
encoding of new long term memories, spatial memories
What is the Basal Ganglia?
it is 1 out of 2 subcortical structures, it is in control of movement
If an individual was addicted to drugs, what area of the brain is activated?
The basal Ganglia
what are the 4 lobes of the cortext?
1-frontal,
2-temporal,
3- parietal ,
4- occipital
4 main functions within the frontal lobe
1- pre frontal cortext
2- executive function
3- Broca’s area
4- motor cortext
what is the pre frontal lobe function?
Associates with personality, mood and memory
What is the executive function?
Decision making, problem solving, reasoning, self awareness and self control
what is the functions of Broca’s area
speech production, which is typically left hemisphere
what is the functions of the motor cortext?
programming and execution of movement
If there was damage to the frontal lobe, what would happen?
Executive function deficits. (Eg. loss in motivation, inability to plan, social inappropriateness, reduced flexibility within thinking)
what is the parietal lobe responsible for?
The processing of somatic sensations and perceptions.
what is the main function of the parietal lobe?
somatosensory cortext
What does the somatosensory cortext do?
Registers tactile sensations within the body (Eg, temp, pain, pressure)
what would happen if there was damage to the parietal lobe?
Left and right confusion, problems integration sensory information and visuo - spatial and constructional problems
what is the temporal lobe responsible for?
Processing auditory information (hearing)
what 3 main functions used in the temporal lobe?
1- Primary Auditory cortext,
2- auditory association cortext
3- Wernicke’s area
what does the Primary Auditory cortext do?
receives incoming sound, analyses frequency and tone
What does the auditory association cortext do?
applies meaning to sound
What does Wernickes area do?
language comprehension (typically left hemisphere)
if you were to damage your temporal lobe, what would happen?
auditory problems, impaired language and poor memory
what is the occipital lobe responsible for?
vision
2 main functions of the occipital lobe?
1- Primary visual cortext
2- visual association cortext
What does the primary visual cortext do?
receives visual information from the eyes
what does the visual association cortext do?
analyses visual data to form an image
if there was damage to the occipital lobe, what would happen?
You’d go blind, have trouble with your vision.
what happens with split brain surgery?
the brain cannot share info with both hemispheres
what is an effect on split brain surgery?
info in the RVF (right visual field) can be verbally described by left hemisphere
